Isaiah 23:4 · JPS 1917
Be thou ashamed, O Zidon; for the sea hath spoken, the stronghold of the sea, saying: 'I have not travailed, nor brought forth, neither have I reared young men, nor brought up virgins.'
Who acts: thou, sea, I · What happens: be, speak, say, not travail, bring, rear · To what, where: young men, virgins · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Isaiah 23:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, sea, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 3 ashamed | cop |
| 2 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 3 ashamed | nsubj |
| 3 | ashamed | ashamed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Zidon | punct |
| 5 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 6 Zidon | discourse |
| 6 | Zidon | Zidon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ashamed | vocative |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 spoken | punct |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 12 spoken | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 sea | det |
| 10 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 spoken | nsubj |
| 11 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 spoken | aux |
| 12 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 ashamed | advcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 stronghold | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 stronghold | det |
| 15 | stronghold | stronghold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sea | appos |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 sea | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 sea | det |
| 18 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 stronghold | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 saying | punct |
| 20 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 spoken | advcl |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 travailed | punct |
| 22 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 26 travailed | punct |
| 23 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 travailed | nsubj |
| 24 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 travailed | aux |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 travailed | advmod |
| 26 | travailed | travail | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 saying | ccomp |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 brought | punct |
| 28 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 29 brought | cc |
| 29 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 travailed | conj |
| 30 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 29 brought | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 reared | punct |
| 32 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 35 reared | cc |
| 33 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 reared | aux |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 reared | nsubj |
| 35 | reared | rear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 travailed | conj |
| 36 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 men | amod |
| 37 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 reared | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 brought | punct |
| 39 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 40 brought | cc |
| 40 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 reared | conj |
| 41 | up | up | ADP | _ | 40 brought | compound:prt |
| 42 | virgins | virgin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 brought | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ashamed | punct |
| 44 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 ashamed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- disagree
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | infinitive | thou | Zidon vocative; ashamed property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | present · perfect | the sea | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | gerund | the sea not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | not travail | present · perfect | I | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | bring | participle | I not said here | forth property | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | rear | present · perfect | I | young men | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | ||||
| 7 | bring up | participle | I not said here | virgins | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent virgin=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
בּ֣וֹשִׁי צִיד֔וֹן כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר יָ֔ם מָע֥וֹז הַיָּ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹֽא־חַ֣לְתִּי וְלֹֽא־יָלַ֗דְתִּי וְלֹ֥א גִדַּ֛לְתִּי בַּחוּרִ֖ים רוֹמַ֥מְתִּי בְתוּלֽוֹת׃
Isaiah 23:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:472 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.472/