Isaiah 24:5 · JPS 1917

The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, violated the statute, broken the everlasting covenant.

Who acts: people · What happens: defile, transgress, violate, break · To what, where: earth, inhabitants, laws, statute, everlasting covenant

This is Isaiah 24:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 earth	det
2	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 defiled	nsubj:pass
3	also	also	ADV	_	5 defiled	advmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 defiled	aux:pass
5	defiled	defile	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	under	under	ADP	_	8 inhabitants	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 inhabitants	det
8	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 defiled	obl
9	thereof	thereof	ADV	_	8 inhabitants	advmod
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 transgressed	punct
11	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 transgressed	mark
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 transgressed	nsubj
13	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 transgressed	aux
14	transgressed	transgress	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 defiled	advcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 laws	det
16	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 transgressed	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 violated	punct
18	violated	violate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 transgressed	conj
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 statute	det
20	statute	statute	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 violated	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 broken	punct
22	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 transgressed	conj
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 covenant	det
24	everlasting	everlasting	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 covenant	amod
25	covenant	covenant	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 broken	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 defiled	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: changed polarity=neg

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	defile	present · passive		the earth	the inhabitants	tree rules
2	transgress	present · perfect	people	the laws		tree rules
3	violate	participle	people not said here	the statute		tree rules
4	break	participle	people not said here	the everlasting covenant		vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer covenant=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃

Isaiah 24:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:491 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.491/