Isaiah 40:4 · JPS 1917

Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill shall be made low; and the rugged shall be made level, and the rough places a plain;

What happens: lift up, make · To what, where: valley, mountain, rugged

This is Isaiah 40:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 valley	det
2	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lifted	nsubj:pass
3	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 lifted	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 lifted	aux:pass
5	lifted	lift	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 lifted	compound:prt
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 made	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 made	cc
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 mountain	det
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 made	nsubj:pass
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 hill	cc
12	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mountain	conj
13	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 made	aux
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 made	aux:pass
15	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 lifted	conj
16	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 made	xcomp
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 made	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 made	cc
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 rugged	det
20	rugged	rugged	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 made	nsubj:pass
21	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 made	aux
22	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	23 made	aux:pass
23	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 lifted	conj
24	level	level	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 made	xcomp
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 places	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 places	cc
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 places	det
28	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 places	amod
29	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 made	nsubj:pass
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 plain	det
31	plain	plain	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 places	xcomp
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 lifted	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=character

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	lift up	shall · passive	every valley		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	make	shall · passive	every mountain and hill	low property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
3	make	shall · passive	the rugged	level property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

כָּל־גֶּיא֙ יִנָּשֵׂ֔א וְכָל־הַ֥ר וְגִבְעָ֖ה יִשְׁפָּ֑לוּ וְהָיָ֤ה הֶֽעָקֹב֙ לְמִישׁ֔וֹר וְהָרְכָסִ֖ים לְבִקְעָֽה׃

Isaiah 40:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:839 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.839/