Jeremiah 9:4 · JPS 1917
And they deceive every one his neighbour, and truth they speak not; they have taught their tongue to speak lies, they weary themselves to commit iniquity.
Who acts: people, tongue · What happens: deceive, not speak, teach, speak, weary, commit · To what, where: one, truth, tongue, lies, people, iniquity · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Jeremiah 9:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, tongue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 deceive | cc |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 deceive | nsubj |
| 3 | deceive | deceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 one | det |
| 5 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 deceive | obj |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 7 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 one | nmod:unmarked |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 truth | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 truth | cc |
| 10 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 deceive | conj |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 speak | nsubj |
| 12 | speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 truth | acl:relcl |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 speak | advmod |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 taught | punct |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 taught | nsubj |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 taught | aux |
| 17 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 deceive | parataxis |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 tongue | nmod:poss |
| 19 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 taught | obj |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 speak | mark |
| 21 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 taught | xcomp |
| 22 | lies | lie | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 speak | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 weary | punct |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 weary | nsubj |
| 25 | weary | weary | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 taught | conj |
| 26 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 25 weary | obj |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 commit | mark |
| 28 | commit | commit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 weary | advcl |
| 29 | iniquity | iniquity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 commit | obj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 deceive | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deceive | present | people | every one LORD's neighbour | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | ||||
| 2 | not speak speech: other | present | people | truth not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | teach speech: other | present · perfect | people | people's tongue | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent tongue=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | to-infinitive | people's tongue not said here | lies | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | weary | present | people | people | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus themselves=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | commit | to-infinitive | people not said here | iniquity | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְאִ֤ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יְהָתֵ֔לּוּ וֶאֱמֶ֖ת לֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ לִמְּד֧וּ לְשׁוֹנָ֛ם דַּבֶּר־שֶׁ֖קֶר הַעֲוֵ֥ה נִלְאֽוּ׃
Jeremiah 9:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:271 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.271/