Joshua 8:14 · JPS 1917
And it came to pass, when the king of Ai saw it, that the men of the city hastened and rose up early and went out against Israel to battle, he and all his people, at the time appointed, in front of the Arabah; but he knew not that there was an ambush against him behind the city.
Who acts: rear, king, men, Joshua, ambush · What happens: come, pass, see, hasten, rise up, go out · To what, where: rear, front, city · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Joshua 8:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rear, king, men, Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 came | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 pass | mark |
| 5 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 came | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 saw | punct |
| 7 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 12 saw | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 king | det |
| 9 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 saw | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Ai | case |
| 11 | Ai | Ai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 king | nmod |
| 12 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | advcl |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 saw | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 hastened | punct |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 hastened | mark |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 men | det |
| 17 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 hastened | nsubj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 city | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 city | det |
| 20 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 men | nmod |
| 21 | hastened | hasten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | ccomp |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 rose | cc |
| 23 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 hastened | conj |
| 24 | up | up | ADP | _ | 23 rose | compound:prt |
| 25 | early | early | ADV | Degree=Pos | 23 rose | advmod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 went | cc |
| 27 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 hastened | conj |
| 28 | out | out | ADV | _ | 27 went | advmod |
| 29 | against | against | ADP | _ | 30 Israel | case |
| 30 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 went | obl |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 battle | mark |
| 32 | battle | battle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 went | advcl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 he | punct |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 went | nsubj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 people | cc |
| 36 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 people | det:predet |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 people | nmod:poss |
| 38 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 he | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 time | punct |
| 40 | at | at | ADP | _ | 42 time | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 time | det |
| 42 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 appointed | obl |
| 43 | appointed | appoint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 went | advcl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 front | punct |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 front | case |
| 46 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 appointed | obl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 Arabah | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Arabah | det |
| 49 | Arabah | Arabah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 front | nmod |
| 50 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 53 knew | punct |
| 51 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 53 knew | cc |
| 52 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 knew | nsubj |
| 53 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 54 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 53 knew | advmod |
| 55 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 57 was | mark |
| 56 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 57 was | expl |
| 57 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 knew | ccomp |
| 58 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 59 ambush | det |
| 59 | ambush | ambush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 was | nsubj |
| 60 | against | against | ADP | _ | 61 him | case |
| 61 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 ambush | nmod |
| 62 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 64 city | case |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 city | det |
| 64 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 was | obl |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | rear | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | rear not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | see | past | the king of Ai | rear | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | hasten | past | the men of the city | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | rise up | past | the men of the city not said here | early property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | go out | past | Joshua | against Israel; out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | battle | to-infinitive | Joshua not said here | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | appoint | participle | Joshua not said here | front of the Arabah | time | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 9 | not know | past | Joshua | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 10 | be | past | a ambush against Joshua | the city; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind city=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיְהִ֞י כִּרְא֣וֹת מֶֽלֶךְ־הָעַ֗י וַֽיְמַהֲר֡וּ וַיַּשְׁכִּ֡ימוּ וַיֵּצְא֣וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָעִ֣יר לִקְרַֽאת־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לַֽמִּלְחָמָ֞ה ה֧וּא וְכָל־עַמּ֛וֹ לַמּוֹעֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֣י הָֽעֲרָבָ֑ה וְהוּא֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּֽי־אֹרֵ֥ב ל֖וֹ מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י הָעִֽיר׃
Joshua 8:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:169 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.169/