Joshua 8:28 · JPS 1917
So Joshua burnt Ai, and made it a heap for ever, even a desolation, unto this day.
Who acts: Joshua · What happens: burnt, make · To what, where: Ai, hand
This is Joshua 8:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 burnt | advmod |
| 2 | Joshua | Joshua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 burnt | nsubj |
| 3 | burnt | burnt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Ai | Ai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 burnt | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 made | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 made | cc |
| 7 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 burnt | conj |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 made | obj |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 heap | det |
| 10 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | xcomp |
| 11 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 ever | case |
| 12 | ever | ever | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 desolation | punct |
| 14 | even | even | ADV | _ | 16 desolation | advmod |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 desolation | det |
| 16 | desolation | desolation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 heap | appos |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 day | punct |
| 18 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 20 day | case |
| 19 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 day | det |
| 20 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 burnt | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burnt | past | Joshua | Ai | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | past | Joshua not said here | hand | day | for ever | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent it=Material for ever=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶת־הָעָ֑י וַיְשִׂימֶ֤הָ תֵּל־עוֹלָם֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃
Joshua 8:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:183 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.183/