Joshua 4:18 · JPS 1917
And it came to pass, as the priests that bore the ark of the covenant of the LORD came up out of the midst of the Jordan, as soon as the soles of the priests' feet were drawn up unto the dry ground, that the waters of the Jordan returned unto their place, and went over all its banks, as aforetime.
Who acts: Jordan, priests, waters, LORD · What happens: come, pass, bear, come up, draw up, return · To what, where: ark, midst, soles, banks
This is Joshua 4:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jordan, priests, waters, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 came | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 pass | mark |
| 5 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 came | csubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 came | punct |
| 7 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 came | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 priests | det |
| 9 | priests | priest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 came | nsubj |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 bore | nsubj |
| 11 | bore | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 priests | acl:relcl |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 ark | det |
| 13 | ark | ark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 bore | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 covenant | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 covenant | det |
| 16 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ark | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 LORD | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 LORD | det |
| 19 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 covenant | nmod |
| 20 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 returned | advcl |
| 21 | up | up | ADV | _ | 20 came | advmod |
| 22 | out | out | ADP | _ | 25 midst | case |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 midst | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 midst | det |
| 25 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 came | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 Jordan | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Jordan | det |
| 28 | Jordan | Jordan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 midst | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 soon | punct |
| 30 | as | as | ADV | _ | 31 soon | advmod |
| 31 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 20 came | advmod |
| 32 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 41 drawn | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 soles | det |
| 34 | soles | sole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 drawn | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 feet | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 priests | det |
| 37 | priests | priest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 feet | nmod:poss |
| 38 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 37 priests | case |
| 39 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 soles | nmod |
| 40 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 drawn | aux:pass |
| 41 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 came | advcl |
| 42 | up | up | ADP | _ | 41 drawn | compound:prt |
| 43 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 46 ground | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 ground | det |
| 45 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 ground | amod |
| 46 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 drawn | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 returned | punct |
| 48 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 54 returned | mark |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 waters | det |
| 50 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 returned | nsubj |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 Jordan | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 Jordan | det |
| 53 | Jordan | Jordan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 waters | nmod |
| 54 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | ccomp |
| 55 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 57 place | case |
| 56 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 57 place | nmod:poss |
| 57 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 returned | obl |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 went | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 went | cc |
| 60 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 returned | conj |
| 61 | over | over | ADP | _ | 64 banks | case |
| 62 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 64 banks | det:predet |
| 63 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 banks | nmod:poss |
| 64 | banks | bank | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 went | obl |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 aforetime | punct |
| 66 | as | as | ADP | _ | 67 aforetime | case |
| 67 | aforetime | aforetime | ADV | _ | 60 went | advmod |
| 68 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Jordan | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | bear | past | the priests | the ark of the covenant of the LORD | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ark=Patient | ||||
| 4 | come up | past | the priests | the midst of the Jordan | soon property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme out midst=Initial_Location | |||
| 5 | draw up | past · passive | the soles of the priests's feet | unto the dry ground | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 6 | return | past | the waters of the Jordan | unto priests's place | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | go | past | the waters of the Jordan not said here | Jordan's banks | aforetime property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme over bank=Initial_Location | |||
| 8 | covenant | the LORD | nom covenant «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַ֠יְהִי כַּעֲל֨וֹת הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים נֹשְׂאֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִתְּק֗וּ כַּפּוֹת֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים אֶ֖ל הֶחָרָבָ֑ה וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לִמְקוֹמָ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ כִתְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃
Joshua 4:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:77 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.77/