Malachi 2:14 · JPS 1917
Yet ye say: 'Wherefore?' Because the LORD hath been witness between thee and the wife of thy youth, against whom thou hast dealt treacherously, though she is thy companion, and the wife of thy covenant.
Who acts: ye, LORD, thou, wife, thy · What happens: say, be, deal, covenant · To what, where: witness, companion · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Malachi 2:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, LORD, thou, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 3 say | cc |
| 2 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 3 say | nsubj |
| 3 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 Wherefore | punct |
| 5 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 Wherefore | punct |
| 6 | Wherefore | wherefore | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 say | advmod |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 Wherefore | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 Wherefore | punct |
| 9 | Because | because | SCONJ | _ | 14 witness | mark |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 LORD | det |
| 11 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 witness | nsubj |
| 12 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 witness | aux |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 witness | cop |
| 14 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 say | advcl |
| 15 | between | between | ADP | _ | 16 thee | case |
| 16 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 14 witness | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 wife | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 wife | det |
| 19 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 thee | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 youth | case |
| 21 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 22 youth | nmod:poss |
| 22 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 wife | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 dealt | punct |
| 24 | against | against | ADP | _ | 25 whom | case |
| 25 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 dealt | obl |
| 26 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 28 dealt | nsubj |
| 27 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 dealt | aux |
| 28 | dealt | deal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 wife | acl:relcl |
| 29 | treacherously | treacherously | ADV | _ | 28 dealt | advmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 companion | punct |
| 31 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 35 companion | mark |
| 32 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 companion | nsubj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 companion | cop |
| 34 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 35 companion | nmod:poss |
| 35 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 dealt | advcl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 wife | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 wife | cc |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 wife | det |
| 39 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 companion | conj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 covenant | case |
| 41 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 42 covenant | nmod:poss |
| 42 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 wife | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 say | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- fragment
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | ye | wherefore property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | present · perfect | the LORD | witness | between thee | tree rules | |||
| 3 | deal | present · perfect | thou | against the wife of thy youth; treacherously property | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | wife | thy companion and the wife of thy covenant | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | covenant | thy | nom covenant «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם עַל־מָ֑ה עַ֡ל כִּי־יְהוָה֩ הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְךָ֜ וּבֵ֣ין ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ בָּגַ֣דְתָּה בָּ֔הּ וְהִ֥יא חֲבֶרְתְּךָ֖ וְאֵ֥שֶׁת בְּרִיתֶֽךָ׃
Malachi 2:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:MAL:35 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.35/