Nahum 1:2 · JPS 1917
The LORD is a jealous and avenging God, the LORD avengeth and is full of wrath; the LORD taketh vengeance on His adversaries, and He reserveth wrath for His enemies.
Who acts: LORD · What happens: avenge, be, take, reserve · To what, where: jealous avenging God, vengeance, adversaries, wrath
This is Nahum 1:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 LORD | det |
| 2 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 God | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 God | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 God | det |
| 5 | jealous | jealous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 God | amod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 avenging | cc |
| 7 | avenging | avenge | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 God | amod |
| 8 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 avengeth | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 LORD | det |
| 11 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 avengeth | nsubj |
| 12 | avengeth | avenge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 God | parataxis |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 full | cc |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 full | cop |
| 15 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 avengeth | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 wrath | case |
| 17 | wrath | wrath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 full | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 taketh | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 LORD | det |
| 20 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 taketh | nsubj |
| 21 | taketh | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 God | parataxis |
| 22 | vengeance | vengeance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 taketh | obj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 adversaries | case |
| 24 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 adversaries | nmod:poss |
| 25 | adversaries | adversary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 taketh | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 reserveth | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 reserveth | cc |
| 28 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 reserveth | nsubj |
| 29 | reserveth | reserve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 taketh | conj |
| 30 | wrath | wrath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 reserveth | obj |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 enemies | case |
| 32 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 33 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 reserveth | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 God | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | avenge | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | the LORD | a jealous avenging God | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | avenge | present | the LORD | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is | present | the LORD not said here | of wrath; full property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | take | present | the LORD | vengeance | LORD's adversaries | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme on adversary=Destination | |||
| 6 | reserve | present | LORD | wrath | for LORD's enemies | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent wrath=Theme for enemy=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אֵ֣ל קַנּ֤וֹא וְנֹקֵם֙ יְהוָ֔ה נֹקֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה וּבַ֣עַל חֵמָ֑ה נֹקֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לְצָרָ֔יו וְנוֹטֵ֥ר ה֖וּא לְאֹיְבָֽיו׃
Nahum 1:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NAM:2 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.2/