Zechariah 2:4 · JPS 1917
Then said I: 'What come these to do?' And he spoke, saying: 'These — the horns which scattered Judah, so that no man did lift up his head — these then are come to frighten them, to cast down the horns of the nations, which lifted up their horn against the land of Judah to scatter it.'
Who acts: I, these, LORD, horns, man · What happens: say, come, do, speak, scatter, lift up · To what, where: Judah, head, horns, horn, land · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Zechariah 2:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, these, LORD, horns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 said | advmod |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 come | punct |
| 5 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 come | punct |
| 6 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 10 do | obj |
| 7 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | ccomp |
| 8 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 come | nsubj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 do | mark |
| 10 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 come | advcl |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 come | punct |
| 12 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 come | punct |
| 13 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 spoke | cc |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 spoke | nsubj |
| 15 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 saying | punct |
| 17 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 spoke | advcl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 These | punct |
| 19 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 20 These | punct |
| 20 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 41 come | dislocated |
| 21 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 horns | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 horns | det |
| 23 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 These | appos |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 scattered | nsubj |
| 25 | scattered | scatter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 horns | acl:relcl |
| 26 | Judah | Judah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 scattered | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 lift | punct |
| 28 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 33 lift | mark |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 so | fixed |
| 30 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 31 man | det |
| 31 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 lift | nsubj |
| 32 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 lift | aux |
| 33 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 scattered | advcl |
| 34 | up | up | ADP | _ | 33 lift | compound:prt |
| 35 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 head | nmod:poss |
| 36 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 lift | obj |
| 37 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 come | punct |
| 38 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 41 come | nsubj |
| 39 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 41 come | advmod |
| 40 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 come | aux |
| 41 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 saying | ccomp |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 frighten | mark |
| 43 | frighten | frighten | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 come | advcl |
| 44 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 frighten | obj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 cast | punct |
| 46 | to | to | PART | _ | 47 cast | mark |
| 47 | cast | cast | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 come | advcl |
| 48 | down | down | ADP | _ | 47 cast | compound:prt |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 horns | det |
| 50 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 cast | obj |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 nations | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 nations | det |
| 53 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 horns | nmod |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 lifted | punct |
| 55 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 56 lifted | nsubj |
| 56 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 horns | acl:relcl |
| 57 | up | up | ADP | _ | 56 lifted | compound:prt |
| 58 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 59 horn | nmod:poss |
| 59 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 lifted | obj |
| 60 | against | against | ADP | _ | 62 land | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 land | det |
| 62 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 lifted | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 Judah | case |
| 64 | Judah | Judah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 land | nmod |
| 65 | to | to | PART | _ | 66 scatter | mark |
| 66 | scatter | scatter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 lifted | advcl |
| 67 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 66 scatter | obj |
| 68 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 41 come | punct |
| 69 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 41 come | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- narrate
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | I | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | come | present | these | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | do | to-infinitive | these not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | past | LORD | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | LORD not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | scatter | past | the horns | Judah | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent judah=Destination | ||||
| 7 | lift up | past · do-support | no man | LORD's head | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | ||||
| 8 | come | present · passive | these | then | These dislocated | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 9 | frighten | to-infinitive | these not said here | Judah | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer | ||||
| 10 | cast down | to-infinitive | these not said here | the horns of the nations | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Product | ||||
| 11 | lift up | past | the horns of the nations | horns's horn | the land of Judah | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent horn=Theme against land=Destination | |||
| 12 | scatter | to-infinitive | the horns of the nations not said here | head | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וָאֹמַ֕ר מָ֛ה אֵ֥לֶּה בָאִ֖ים לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאמֹ֗ר אֵ֣לֶּה הַקְּרָנ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁר־זֵ֣רוּ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֗ה כְּפִי־אִישׁ֙ לֹא־נָשָׂ֣א רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ לְהַחֲרִ֣יד אֹתָ֔ם לְיַדּ֞וֹת אֶת־קַרְנ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֗ם הַנֹּשְׂאִ֥ים קֶ֛רֶן אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָ֖ה לְזָרוֹתָֽהּ׃ס
Zechariah 2:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ZEC:20 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.20/