Exam question 1 · Police, courts and prison
Identify the principle in accordance with which a person accused of a crime is treated prior to a finding of guilt.
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, accuse, treat, find · To what, where: principle, accordance, person, guilt
This is exam question 1 of lesson 30 «Police, courts and prison» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 principle | det |
| 3 | principle | principle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 accordance | case |
| 5 | accordance | accordance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obl |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 which | case |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 treated | obl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 person | det |
| 9 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 treated | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | accused | accuse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 person | acl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 crime | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 crime | det |
| 13 | crime | crime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 accused | obl |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 treated | aux:pass |
| 15 | treated | treat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 accordance | acl:relcl |
| 16 | prior | prior | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 19 finding | case |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 prior | fixed |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 finding | det |
| 19 | finding | finding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 guilt | case |
| 21 | guilt | guilt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 finding | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principle | accordance | prior a finding of guilt | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent principle=Theme | ||
| 2 | accuse | participle | a person not said here | of a crime | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent of crime=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | treat | present · passive | a person | with accordance | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with which=Theme | ||||
| 4 | find | guilt | nom finding «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
That the person is guilty if arrested
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 person | det |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 person | det |
| 3 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 guilty | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 guilty | cop |
| 5 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 7 arrested | mark |
| 7 | arrested | arrest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 guilty | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | that person | guilty property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | arrest a condition, not said to happen | participle | that person not said here | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
That the person is innocent until proven guilty
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 person | det |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 person | det |
| 3 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 innocent | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 innocent | cop |
| 5 | innocent | innocent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 7 proven | mark |
| 7 | proven | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 innocent | advcl |
| 8 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 proven | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | that person | innocent property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | prove | participle | that person not said here | guilty property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
That the person is guilty until proven innocent
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 person | det |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 person | det |
| 3 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 guilty | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 guilty | cop |
| 5 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 7 proven | mark |
| 7 | proven | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 guilty | advcl |
| 8 | innocent | innocent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 proven | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | that person | guilty property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | prove | participle | that person not said here | innocent property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
That the person may be punished by the public
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 person | det |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 person | det |
| 3 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 punished | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 punished | aux |
| 5 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 punished | aux:pass |
| 6 | punished | punish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 public | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 public | det |
| 9 | public | public | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 punished | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | punish | may · passive | the public | that person | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/30-police-courts-and-prison/e1/