Exam question 1 · Our street: when a guess becomes a reputation

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the assertion that adolescents congregating outside a shop are «up to no good»?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: adolescents · What happens: follow, characteris, congregate, be · To what, where: assertion

This is exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Our street: when a guess becomes a reputation» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 assertion	det
10	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	that	that	SCONJ	_	19 up	mark
12	adolescents	adolescent	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 up	nsubj
13	congregating	congregate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 adolescents	acl
14	outside	outside	ADP	_	16 shop	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 shop	det
16	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 congregating	obl
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 up	cop
18	«	«	PUNCT	_	19 up	punct
19	up	up	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
20	to	to	ADP	_	22 good	case
21	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	22 good	det
22	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 up	obl
23	»	»	PUNCT	_	19 up	punct
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the assertion	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	congregate	gerund	adolescents not said here		outside a shop	vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	is in a quote	present	adolescents		to no good; up property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It constitutes a neutral description of the observed behaviour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 description	det
4	neutral	neutral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 description	amod
5	description	description	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 behaviour	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 behaviour	det
8	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 behaviour	amod
9	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 description	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a neutral description of the observed behaviour	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme description=Pivot
2	observe	participle			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	describe			the observed behaviour	nom description «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It constitutes a verified report of criminal conduct by those present

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 report	det
4	verified	verified	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 report	amod
5	report	report	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 conduct	case
7	criminal	criminal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 conduct	amod
8	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 report	nmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 present	case
10	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	11 present	det
11	present	present	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a verified report of criminal conduct				by that present	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme report=Pivot
2	report			criminal conduct					nom report «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It constitutes an official finding of the local police authority

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 finding	det
4	official	official	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 finding	amod
5	finding	finding	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 authority	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 authority	det
8	local	local	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 authority	amod
9	police	police	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 authority	compound
10	authority	authority	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 finding	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a official finding of the local police authority					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme finding=Pivot
2	find			the local police authority					nom finding «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes a judgement upon an entire group from a single observation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 judgement	det
4	judgement	judgement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 group	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 group	det
7	entire	entire	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 group	amod
8	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	12 observation	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 observation	det
11	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 observation	amod
12	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a judgement		a single observation		upon a entire group	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme judgement=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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