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Test 5 · ★★ · How to handle gossip: is it true, is it kind, would I say…

In the playground: "Sophie was crying, her mum and dad must be splitting up." Which is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sophie, crying · What happens: cry, split up, be · To what, where: mum, playground · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 49 «How to handle gossip: is it true, is it kind, would I say it to their face» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In the playground: "Sophie was crying, her mum and dad must be splitting up."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 playground	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 playground	det
3	playground	playground	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 splitting	obl
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 crying	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 crying	punct
6	Sophie	Sophie	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 crying	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 crying	aux
8	crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 splitting	csubj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 mum	punct
10	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 mum	nmod:poss
11	mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 crying	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 dad	cc
13	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 mum	conj
14	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 splitting	aux
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 splitting	aux
16	splitting	split	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
17	up	up	ADP	_	16 splitting	compound:prt
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 splitting	punct
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 splitting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express in a quote	past · progressive	Sophie	Sophie's mum and dad					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	split up in a quote	must · progressive	crying			the playground			vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The divorce is a fact everyone can see

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 divorce	det
2	divorce	divorce	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fact	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fact	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fact	det
5	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	8 see	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 see	aux
8	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 fact	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the divorce	a fact					tree rules
2	see	can	everyone	a fact not said here					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fact=Stimulus

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Crying is a fact; the reason is a guess

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 fact	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fact	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 fact	det
4	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 guess	nmod
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 reason	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 reason	det
7	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fact	conj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 guess	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 guess	det
10	guess	guess	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	gerund							vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present		a fact and the reason					tree rules
3	is a	present		a guess					tree rules

Option 3

Sophie's tears prove her parents argue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sophie	Sophie	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 tears	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Sophie	case
3	tears	tear	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 prove	nsubj
4	prove	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 parents	nmod:poss
6	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 argue	nsubj
7	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 prove	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	Sophie's tears						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	argue speech: disagree	present	Sophie's parents						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Crying always means a family problem

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 means	csubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	1 Crying	advmod
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 problem	det
5	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 problem	compound
6	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 means	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	gerund						always property	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present	Crying	a family problem					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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