Exam question 2 · Elections, crime, the weather, breaking news and news vs o…
It is given that an individual has been charged with an offence. Select the response that is consistent with the established principles of law.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response · What happens: give, charge, select, be, establish · To what, where: It, individual, response
This is exam question 2 of lesson 52 «Elections, crime, the weather, breaking news and news vs opinion» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that an individual has been charged with an offence.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 charged | mark |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 individual | det |
| 6 | individual | individual | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 charged | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 charged | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 charged | aux:pass |
| 9 | charged | charge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | advcl |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 offence | case |
| 11 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 offence | det |
| 12 | offence | offence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 charged | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | charge | present · perfect · passive | a individual | with a offence | vn equip-13.4.2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with offence=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Select the response that is consistent with the established principles of law.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Select | select | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 response | det |
| 3 | response | response | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Select | obj |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 consistent | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 consistent | cop |
| 6 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 response | acl:relcl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 principles | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 principles | det |
| 9 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 principles | amod |
| 10 | principles | principle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 consistent | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 law | case |
| 12 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 principles | nmod |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Select | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select | imperative | you not said here | the response | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the response | with the established principles of law; consistent property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | establish | participle | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
He is presumed innocent until a court determines otherwise
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 presumed | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 presumed | aux:pass |
| 3 | presumed | presume | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | innocent | innocent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 presumed | xcomp |
| 5 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 8 determines | mark |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 court | det |
| 7 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 determines | nsubj |
| 8 | determines | determine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 presumed | advcl |
| 9 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 8 determines | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | presume | present · passive | He | innocent property | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | determine | present | a court | otherwise property | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
He is deemed guilty if the news so reports
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 deemed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 deemed | aux:pass |
| 3 | deemed | deem | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 deemed | xcomp |
| 5 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 7 news | mark |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 news | det |
| 7 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 deemed | advcl |
| 8 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 9 reports | case |
| 9 | reports | report | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 deemed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deem | present · passive | He | so reports; guilty property | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Attribute |
Option 3
He is presumed guilty until he proves his innocence
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 presumed | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 presumed | aux:pass |
| 3 | presumed | presume | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 presumed | xcomp |
| 5 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 7 proves | mark |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 proves | nsubj |
| 7 | proves | prove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 presumed | advcl |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 innocence | nmod:poss |
| 9 | innocence | innocence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 proves | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | presume | present · passive | He | guilty property | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | prove | present | he | his innocence | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent innocence=Theme |
Option 4
He is deemed guilty from the moment of the charge
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 deemed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 deemed | aux:pass |
| 3 | deemed | deem | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 deemed | xcomp |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 moment | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 moment | det |
| 7 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 deemed | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 charge | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 charge | det |
| 10 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 moment | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deem | present · passive | He | moment | guilty property | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Attribute |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion/e2/