Exam question 1 · Cards, banks and apps
Which of the following most accurately characterises the distinction between a debit card and a credit card?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: distinction
This is exam question 1 of lesson 7 «Cards, banks and apps» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 7 characterises | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 characterises | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 characterises | csubj |
| 5 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 6 accurately | advmod |
| 6 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 7 characterises | advmod |
| 7 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 distinction | det |
| 9 | distinction | distinction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 characterises | obj |
| 10 | between | between | ADP | _ | 13 card | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 card | det |
| 12 | debit | debit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 card | compound |
| 13 | card | card | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 distinction | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 card | cc |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 card | det |
| 16 | credit | credit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 card | compound |
| 17 | card | card | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 card | conj |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the distinction | between a debit card and a credit card; accurately property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The former draws upon existing funds; the latter constitutes borrowing
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 former | det |
| 2 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 draws | nsubj |
| 3 | draws | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 funds | case |
| 5 | existing | exist | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 funds | amod |
| 6 | funds | fund | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 draws | obl |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 draws | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 constitutes | det |
| 9 | latter | latter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 constitutes | amod |
| 10 | constitutes | constitute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 draws | parataxis |
| 11 | borrowing | borrow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 constitutes | acl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | present | the former | upon existing funds | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | exist | gerund | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | borrow | gerund | the latter constitutes not said here | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
The former constitutes borrowing; the latter draws upon existing funds
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 constitutes | det |
| 2 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 constitutes | amod |
| 3 | constitutes | constitute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 draws | nsubj |
| 4 | borrowing | borrow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 constitutes | acl |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 draws | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 latter | det |
| 7 | latter | latter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 draws | nsubj |
| 8 | draws | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 11 funds | case |
| 10 | existing | exist | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 funds | amod |
| 11 | funds | fund | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 draws | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | borrow | gerund | the former constitutes not said here | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | draw | present | the former constitutes | upon existing funds | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | exist | gerund | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
The former is valid solely for purchases made online
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 former | det |
| 2 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 valid | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 valid | cop |
| 4 | valid | valid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | solely | solely | ADV | _ | 4 valid | advmod |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 purchases | case |
| 7 | purchases | purchase | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 valid | obl |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 purchases | acl |
| 9 | online | online | ADV | _ | 8 made | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the former | for purchases; solely, valid property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | participle | purchases not said here | online property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
Option 4
The two instruments are functionally identical in every respect
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 instruments | det |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 instruments | nummod |
| 3 | instruments | instrument | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 identical | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 identical | cop |
| 5 | functionally | functionally | ADV | _ | 6 identical | advmod |
| 6 | identical | identical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 respect | case |
| 8 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 respect | det |
| 9 | respect | respect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 identical | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the two instruments | every respect | functionally, identical property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/7-cards-banks-and-apps/e1/