Exam question 4 · What is AI? Pattern-guessers, not people

An image classifier is observed to designate a fluffy slipper as a cat. Ascertain the inference which may properly be drawn.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: observe, designate, ascertain, draw · To what, where: image classifier, fluffy slipper, inference

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1 «What is AI? Pattern-guessers, not people» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An image classifier is observed to designate a fluffy slipper as a cat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 classifier	det
2	image	image	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 classifier	compound
3	classifier	classifier	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 observed	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 observed	aux:pass
5	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 designate	mark
7	designate	designate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 observed	xcomp
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 slipper	det
9	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 slipper	amod
10	slipper	slipper	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 designate	obj
11	as	as	ADP	_	13 cat	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 cat	det
13	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 designate	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 observed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	present · passive		a image classifier					tree rules
2	designate	to-infinitive		a fluffy slipper				as a cat	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent slipper=Theme as cat=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the inference which may properly be drawn.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 inference	det
3	inference	inference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 drawn	nsubj:pass
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 drawn	aux
6	properly	properly	ADV	_	8 drawn	advmod
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 drawn	aux:pass
8	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 inference	acl:relcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the inference					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inference=Topic
2	draw	may · passive		the inference				properly property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The classifier has learned visual resemblance from examples and may be misled by similar objects

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 classifier	det
2	classifier	classifier	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 learned	nsubj
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 learned	aux
4	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	visual	visual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 resemblance	amod
6	resemblance	resemblance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 learned	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 examples	case
8	examples	example	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 learned	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 misled	cc
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 misled	aux
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 misled	aux:pass
12	misled	mislead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 learned	conj
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 objects	case
14	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 objects	amod
15	objects	object	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 misled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present · perfect	the classifier	visual resemblance		examples			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent resemblance=Topic from example=Source
2	mislead	may · passive	similar objects						vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The classifier possesses knowledge that the slipper belongs to a cat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 classifier	det
2	classifier	classifier	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	obj
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 belongs	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 slipper	det
7	slipper	slipper	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 belongs	nsubj
8	belongs	belong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possesses	advcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 cat	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 cat	det
11	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 belongs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the classifier	knowledge					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot knowledge=Theme
2	belong	present	the slipper					to a cat	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme

Option 3

The classifier has been deliberately instructed to deceive its users

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 classifier	det
2	classifier	classifier	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 instructed	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 instructed	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 instructed	aux:pass
5	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	6 instructed	advmod
6	instructed	instruct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 deceive	mark
8	deceive	deceive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 instructed	xcomp
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 users	nmod:poss
10	users	user	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 deceive	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	instruct speech: other	present · perfect · passive		the classifier				deliberately property	vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	deceive	to-infinitive		classifier's users					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent user=Patient

Option 4

The classifier is functioning without error, slippers being a variety of cat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 classifier	det
2	classifier	classifier	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 functioning	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 functioning	cop
4	functioning	functioning	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 variety	amod
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 error	case
6	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 functioning	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 slippers	punct
8	slippers	slipper	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 functioning	conj
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 variety	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 variety	det
11	variety	variety	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 cat	case
13	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 variety	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	the classifier		without error; functioning property	tree rules
2	slipper	present	the classifier not said here			tree rules
3	is a	gerund		a functioning variety	of cat	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/1-what-is-ai/e4/