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Exam question 2 · Counting the AI in one ordinary day

It is given that a meteorological forecast predicted sunshine and that rain subsequently fell. Identify the conclusion most consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: meteorological forecast, you · What happens: give, predict, fall, identify, establish · To what, where: It, conclusion

This is exam question 2 of lesson 19 «Counting the AI in one ordinary day» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a meteorological forecast predicted sunshine and that rain subsequently fell.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 fell	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 forecast	det
6	meteorological	meteorological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 forecast	amod
7	forecast	forecast	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 fell	nsubj
8	predicted	predict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 sunshine	amod
9	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 forecast	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 rain	cc
11	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	12 rain	det
12	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 forecast	conj
13	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	14 fell	advmod
14	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	predict	participle							vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
3	fall	past	a meteorological forecast and predicted sunshine and that rain					subsequently property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Identify the conclusion most consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 conclusion	det
3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 consistent	advmod
5	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 conclusion	amod
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 facts	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 facts	det
8	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 facts	amod
9	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 consistent	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the conclusion					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent conclusion=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Forecasts constitute well-informed estimates rather than guarantees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Forecasts	forecast	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 constitute	nsubj
2	constitute	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 informed	advmod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 well	punct
5	informed	informed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 estimates	amod
6	estimates	estimate	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 constitute	obj
7	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	9 guarantees	cc
8	than	than	ADP	_	7 rather	fixed
9	guarantees	guarantee	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 estimates	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	Forecasts	informed estimates rather guarantees					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme estimate=Pivot

Option 2

The forecast was deliberately falsified by its authors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 forecast	det
2	forecast	forecast	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 falsified	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 falsified	aux:pass
4	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	5 falsified	advmod
5	falsified	falsify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 authors	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 authors	nmod:poss
8	authors	author	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 falsified	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	falsify	past · passive	forecast's authors	the forecast				deliberately property	tree rules

Option 3

The rainfall must be attributed to an error in the calendar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rainfall	det
2	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 attributed	nsubj:pass
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 attributed	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 attributed	aux:pass
5	attributed	attribute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 error	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 error	det
8	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 attributed	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 calendar	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 calendar	det
11	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 attributed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attribute	must · passive		the rainfall		the calendar		to a error	tree rules

Option 4

Forecasts are composed without reference to any data

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Forecasts	forecast	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 composed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 composed	aux:pass
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	without	without	ADP	_	5 reference	case
5	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 composed	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 data	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 data	det
8	data	data	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 composed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		Forecasts				without reference; to any data	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/19-ai-in-one-ordinary-day/e2/