Exam question 4 · In the news: tricked bots, real discoveries, careful words

Ascertain the principal purpose of the formula "it was reported that" in discourse concerning current events.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, formula · What happens: ascertain, report, purpose · To what, where: principal purpose, purpose, discourse · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 23 «In the news: tricked bots, real discoveries, careful words» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 purpose	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 purpose	amod
4	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 formula	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 formula	det
7	formula	formula	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 purpose	nmod
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 reported	punct
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 reported	nsubj:pass
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 reported	aux:pass
11	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Ascertain	parataxis
12	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 reported	mark
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 reported	punct
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 discourse	case
15	discourse	discourse	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reported	obl
16	concerning	concerning	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 events	amod
17	current	current	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 events	amod
18	events	event	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 discourse	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal purpose of the formula		tree rules
2	report in a quote	past · passive		purpose	discourse and concerning current events	vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	purpose		the formula			nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

To indicate that the event has certainly occurred

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 indicate	mark
2	indicate	indicate	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 occurred	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 event	det
5	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 occurred	nsubj:pass
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 occurred	aux
7	certainly	certainly	ADV	_	8 occurred	advmod
8	occurred	occur	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 indicate	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	to-infinitive							vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic
2	occur	present · perfect · passive		the event				certainly property	tree rules

Option 2

To indicate that the event is certainly fictitious

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 indicate	mark
2	indicate	indicate	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 fictitious	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 event	det
5	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fictitious	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 fictitious	cop
7	certainly	certainly	ADV	_	8 fictitious	advmod
8	fictitious	fictitious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 indicate	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	to-infinitive							vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
2	is	present	the event					certainly, fictitious property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

To distinguish what one knows directly from what one has heard

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 distinguish	mark
2	distinguish	distinguish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 what	advcl
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 knows	obj
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 knows	nsubj
5	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 distinguish	ccomp
6	directly	directly	ADV	_	8 what	advmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 what	case
8	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
9	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 heard	nsubj
10	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 heard	aux
11	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 what	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	distinguish	to-infinitive		tree rules
2	know	present	one	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus
3	hear	present · perfect	one	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

To lend the account an appearance of antiquity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 lend	mark
2	lend	lend	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 account	det
4	account	account	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lend	obj
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 appearance	det
6	appearance	appearance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lend	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 antiquity	case
8	antiquity	antiquity	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 appearance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lend	to-infinitive		the account					vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent account=Recipient appearance=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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