Test 6 · ★★★ · Olympiad: thinking like a machine, Bebras puzzles ★★★

Ella says: "With 3 lamps you can only make 3 signals, one for each lamp." Is she right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ella, you · What happens: say, make, be · To what, where: 3 signals · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 31 «Olympiad: thinking like a machine, Bebras puzzles ★★★» of the AI course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ella says: "With 3 lamps you can only make 3 signals, one for each lamp."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ella	Ella	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 make	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 make	punct
5	With	with	ADP	_	7 lamps	case
6	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 lamps	nummod
7	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 make	obl
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 make	nsubj
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 make	aux
10	only	only	ADV	_	11 make	advmod
11	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 says	ccomp
12	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 signals	nummod
13	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 make	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 one	punct
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 signals	appos
16	for	for	ADP	_	18 lamp	case
17	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	18 lamp	det
18	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 one	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 make	punct
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ella						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	make in a quote	can	you	3 signals				with 3 lamps	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Is she right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
2	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
3	right	right	ADV	_	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ella					right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No: each lamp is on or off, so 2 × 2 × 2 = 8

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 on	det
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 on	punct
3	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	4 lamp	det
4	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 on	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 on	cop
6	on	on	ADV	_	root	root
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 off	cc
8	off	off	ADV	_	6 on	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 ×	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	14 ×	advmod
11	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 ×	nummod
12	×	×	SYM	_	13 2	case
13	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 2	nmod
14	×	×	SYM	Number=Sing	6 on	obl
15	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 ×	flat
16	=	=	SYM	_	17 8	case
17	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 2	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	each lamp					on property	tree rules

Option 2

Yes, but only if all the lamps are the same colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	12 colour	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 lamps	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	8 lamps	advmod
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	8 lamps	mark
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 lamps	det:predet
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 lamps	det
8	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 colour	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 colour	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 colour	det
11	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 colour	amod
12	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	all lamps	the same colour					tree rules

Option 3

Yes: one lamp per signal is the only way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	10 way	discourse
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 lamp	punct
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 lamp	nummod
4	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 way	nsubj
5	per	per	ADP	_	6 signal	case
6	signal	signal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lamp	nmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 way	cop
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 way	det
9	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 way	amod
10	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	one lamp per signal	the only way					tree rules

Option 4

No: you can make 6, two for each of the lamps

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 make	nsubj:outer
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 make	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 make	aux
5	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 make	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 two	punct
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 6	conj
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 each	case
10	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	5 make	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 lamps	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 lamps	det
13	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 each	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	can	No	6				for each	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent 6=Product for each=Asset

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/31-olympiad-thinking-like-a-machine/t6/