Exam question 3 · Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★

Identify the statement which, if spoken, could be uttered neither by one who always tells the truth nor by one who always lies.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, speak, utter, tell, lie · To what, where: statement, truth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 32 «Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 statement	det
3	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	1 Identify	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 uttered	punct
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 spoken	mark
7	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 uttered	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 spoken	punct
9	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 uttered	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 uttered	aux:pass
11	uttered	utter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Identify	parataxis
12	neither	neither	ADV	_	11 uttered	advmod
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 one	case
14	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 uttered	obl
15	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 tells	nsubj
16	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	17 tells	advmod
17	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 one	acl:relcl
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 truth	det
19	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 tells	obj
20	nor	nor	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	22 one	cc
21	by	by	ADP	_	22 one	case
22	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 truth	conj
23	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	25 lies	nsubj
24	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	25 lies	advmod
25	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 one	acl:relcl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the statement		tree rules
2	speak speech: other a condition, not said to happen	participle				vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	utter speech: other	could · passive			by one; neither property	vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»
4	tell speech: assert	present		the truth	always property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
5	lie	present			always property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

"I am a liar."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 liar	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 liar	nsubj
3	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 liar	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 liar	det
5	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 liar	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 liar	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	I	a liar					tree rules

Option 2

"The grass is purple."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 purple	punct
2	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 grass	det
3	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 purple	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 purple	cop
5	purple	purple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 purple	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 purple	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	the grass					purple property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

"I always tell the truth."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 tell	nsubj
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 tell	advmod
4	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 truth	det
6	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert in a quote	present	I	the truth				always property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient

Option 4

"The sky is blue."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 blue	punct
2	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sky	det
3	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 blue	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 blue	cop
5	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 blue	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 blue	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	the sky					blue property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/32-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages/e3/