Exam question 1 · Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didg…

Identify the principal means by which a player of the didgeridoo sustains an uninterrupted sound.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, principal, player · What happens: identify, mean, sustain · To what, where: uninterrupted sound

This is exam question 1 of lesson 10 «Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didgeridoo and more» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 principal	det
3	principal	principal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 sustains	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 player	det
8	player	player	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 sustains	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 didgeridoo	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 didgeridoo	det
11	didgeridoo	didgeridoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 player	nmod
12	sustains	sustain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 means	parataxis
13	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 sound	det
14	uninterrupted	uninterrupted	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 sound	amod
15	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 sustains	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	mean	present	the principal		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	sustain	present	a player of the didgeridoo	a uninterrupted sound	vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent sound=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Circular breathing, inhaling through the nose while expelling air stored in the cheeks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Circular	circular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 breathing	amod
2	breathing	breathing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 inhaling	punct
4	inhaling	inhale	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 breathing	acl
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 nose	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 nose	det
7	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 inhaling	obl
8	while	while	SCONJ	_	9 expelling	mark
9	expelling	expel	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 inhaling	advcl
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 expelling	obj
11	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 air	acl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 cheeks	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 cheeks	det
14	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 stored	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	inhale	gerund	Circular breathing not said here		the nose	vn exhale-40.1.3-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	expel	gerund	Circular breathing not said here	air		vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
3	store	participle		air not said here	the cheeks	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cheek=Location

Option 2

The retention of a single breath for several minutes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 retention	det
2	retention	retention	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 breath	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 breath	det
5	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 breath	amod
6	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 retention	nmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 minutes	case
8	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 minutes	amod
9	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 retention	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain			a single breath				for several minutes	nom retention «act transitive»: of=patient for=obl

Option 3

The alternation of two players upon one instrument

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 alternation	det
2	alternation	alternation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 players	case
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 players	nummod
5	players	player	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 alternation	nmod
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 instrument	case
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 instrument	nummod
8	instrument	instrument	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alternation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alternate		two players					upon one instrument	nom alternation «act intransitive»: of=agent upon=obl

Option 4

A concealed reservoir of air within the instrument

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 reservoir	det
2	concealed	conceal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reservoir	amod
3	reservoir	reservoir	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 air	case
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reservoir	nmod
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 instrument	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 instrument	det
8	instrument	instrument	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reservoir	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conceal	participle							vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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