Exam question 1 · Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see

Identify the principal means by which perspective conveys distance upon a flat surface.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, principal · What happens: identify, mean, convey · To what, where: distance · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 12 «Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 principal	det
3	principal	principal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 perspective	case
6	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	7 perspective	det
7	perspective	perspective	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 conveys	obl
8	conveys	convey	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 means	ccomp
9	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 conveys	obj
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	13 surface	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 surface	det
12	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 surface	amod
13	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 distance	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	mean	present	the principal			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	convey	present		distance	by which perspective; upon a flat surface	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent distance=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The diminution of distant objects and the convergence of parallel lines upon a vanishing point

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 diminution	det
2	diminution	diminution	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 objects	case
4	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 objects	amod
5	objects	object	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 diminution	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 convergence	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 convergence	det
8	convergence	convergence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 diminution	conj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 lines	case
10	parallel	parallel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 lines	amod
11	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 convergence	nmod
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	15 point	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 point	det
14	vanishing	vanish	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 point	amod
15	point	point	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 diminution	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	vanish	gerund			vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	diminish		distant objects	upon a vanishing point	nom diminution «process intransitive»: of=agent upon=obl
3	converge		parallel lines		nom convergence «event intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

The use of bright colours for every distant object

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 use	det
2	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 colours	case
4	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 colours	amod
5	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	nmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	9 object	case
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 object	det
8	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 object	amod
9	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use			bright colours for every distant object					nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The representation of all objects at an identical size, whatever their distance from the viewer

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 representation	det
2	representation	representation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 objects	case
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 objects	det
5	objects	object	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 representation	nmod
6	at	at	ADP	_	9 size	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 size	det
8	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 size	amod
9	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 representation	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 distance	punct
11	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 distance	det:predet
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 distance	nmod:poss
13	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 representation	conj
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 viewer	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 viewer	det
16	viewer	viewer	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 distance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	represent			all objects		a identical size			nom representation «cognition transitive»: of=patient at=place

Option 4

The enlargement of objects in proportion to their distance from the eye of the observer

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 enlargement	det
2	enlargement	enlargement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 objects	case
4	objects	object	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 enlargement	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 proportion	case
6	proportion	proportion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 enlargement	nmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 distance	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 distance	nmod:poss
9	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 enlargement	nmod
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 eye	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 eye	det
12	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 distance	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 observer	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 observer	det
15	observer	observer	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 eye	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enlarge			objects		proportion		to objects's distance from the eye of the observer	nom enlargement «act transitive»: of=patient in=place to=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see/e1/