Exam question 4 · Museums and galleries: how to visit and what is there

Ascertain the reason for which many skeletons of dinosaurs exhibited in museums are casts.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, many skeletons · What happens: ascertain, exhibit, be · To what, where: reason, dinosaurs, museums, casts

This is exam question 4 of lesson 17 «Museums and galleries: how to visit and what is there» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	7 skeletons	det
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 skeletons	amod
7	skeletons	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 casts	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 dinosaurs	case
9	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 skeletons	nmod
10	exhibited	exhibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 dinosaurs	acl
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 museums	case
12	museums	museum	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 exhibited	obl
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 casts	cop
14	casts	cast	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reason	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	exhibit	participle		dinosaurs not said here	museums	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present	which many skeletons of dinosaurs	casts		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Dinosaurs possessed no bones capable of preservation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possessed	nsubj
2	possessed	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 bones	det
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possessed	obj
5	capable	capable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 possessed	xcomp
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 preservation	case
7	preservation	preservation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 capable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	past	Dinosaurs	no bones				capable property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bone=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Genuine fossil bones are heavy, fragile and rare

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bones	amod
2	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bones	compound
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 heavy	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 heavy	cop
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 fragile	punct
7	fragile	fragile	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 heavy	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 rare	cc
9	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 heavy	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Genuine fossil bones	heavy property	tree rules
2	be		Genuine fossil bones not said here		tree rules
3	be		Genuine fossil bones not said here		tree rules

Option 3

Casts are more ancient than the original fossils

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Casts	cast	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ancient	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ancient	cop
3	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 ancient	advmod
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	8 fossils	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fossils	det
7	original	original	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fossils	amod
8	fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ancient	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Casts					than the original fossils; ancient property	tree rules

Option 4

The display of genuine bones is prohibited by law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 display	det
2	display	display	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 prohibited	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 bones	case
4	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bones	amod
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 display	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 prohibited	aux:pass
7	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 law	case
9	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 prohibited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present · passive	law	the display of genuine bones					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme
2	display			genuine bones					nom display «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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