Exam question 1 · Photography and phone cameras

Identify the principal cause of the appearance of persons as dark silhouettes in a photograph taken outdoors.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, take, cause · To what, where: principal cause, photograph, appearance

This is exam question 1 of lesson 20 «Photography and phone cameras» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 appearance	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 appearance	det
7	appearance	appearance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cause	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 persons	case
9	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 appearance	nmod
10	as	as	ADP	_	12 silhouettes	case
11	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 silhouettes	amod
12	silhouettes	silhouette	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 persons	nmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 photograph	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 photograph	det
15	photograph	photograph	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 silhouettes	nmod
16	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 photograph	acl
17	outdoors	outdoors	ADV	_	16 taken	advmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal cause of the appearance of persons as dark silhouettes in a photograph		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme
2	take	participle		a photograph not said here	outdoors property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	cause			the appearance of persons as dark silhouettes in a photograph		nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The insufficiency of colour within the sensor of the camera employed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 insufficiency	det
2	insufficiency	insufficiency	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 colour	case
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 insufficiency	nmod
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 sensor	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sensor	det
7	sensor	sensor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 insufficiency	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 camera	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 camera	det
10	camera	camera	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sensor	nmod
11	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 camera	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	participle		the camera not said here					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The presence of rain at the time of exposure

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 presence	det
2	presence	presence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 rain	case
4	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presence	nmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 time	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 time	det
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presence	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 exposure	case
9	exposure	exposure	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 time	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The placing of a bright source of light behind the subjects

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 placing	det
2	placing	placing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 source	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 source	det
5	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 source	amod
6	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 placing	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 light	case
8	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 source	nmod
9	behind	behind	ADP	_	11 subjects	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 subjects	det
11	subjects	subject	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 placing	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

A defect in the manufacture of the camera

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 defect	det
2	defect	defect	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 manufacture	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 manufacture	det
5	manufacture	manufacture	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 defect	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 camera	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 camera	det
8	camera	camera	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 manufacture	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	manufacture			the camera					nom manufacture «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/20-photography-and-phone-cameras/e1/