Exam question 3 · Photography and phone cameras

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the obligations of a person intending to publish a photograph of another?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: person · What happens: follow, characteris, intend, publish, obligate · To what, where: obligations, photograph, person

This is exam question 3 of lesson 20 «Photography and phone cameras» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 obligations	det
10	obligations	obligation	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 person	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 person	det
13	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 obligations	nmod
14	intending	intend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 person	acl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 publish	mark
16	publish	publish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 intending	xcomp
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 photograph	det
18	photograph	photograph	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 publish	obj
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 another	case
20	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	18 photograph	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the obligations of a person	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	intend	gerund	a person not said here			vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	publish not said to happen	to-infinitive	a person not said here	a photograph of another		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photograph=Result
5	obligate			a person		nom obligation «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The photographer alone is entitled to decide without enquiry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 photographer	det
2	photographer	photographer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 entitled	nsubj:pass
3	alone	alone	ADV	_	2 photographer	advmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 entitled	aux:pass
5	entitled	entitle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 decide	mark
7	decide	decide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 entitled	xcomp
8	without	without	ADP	_	9 enquiry	case
9	enquiry	enquiry	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 decide	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	entitle	present · passive		the photographer					tree rules
2	decide	to-infinitive						without enquiry	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The consent of the person depicted ought first to be obtained

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 consent	det
2	consent	consent	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 depicted	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 person	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consent	nmod
6	depicted	depict	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 first	aux
8	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 depicted	advmod
9	to	to	PART	_	11 obtained	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 obtained	aux:pass
11	obtained	obtain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 depicted	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	depict	past	the consent of the person		first property	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	obtain	to-infinitive · passive	the consent of the person not said here			vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»
3	consent			the person		nom consent «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

No consideration of any kind is required

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 consideration	det
2	consideration	consideration	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 required	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 kind	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 kind	det
5	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consideration	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 required	aux:pass
7	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		no consideration of any kind					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition
2	consider			any kind					nom consideration «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Publication is permitted provided a filter is applied

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Publication	publication	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permitted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permitted	aux:pass
3	permitted	permit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 permitted	xcomp
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 filter	det
6	filter	filter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 provided	obj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 applied	aux:pass
8	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 permitted	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	permit	present · passive	Publication	vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	provide not said to happen	participle	a filter	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition filter=Theme
3	apply	present · passive		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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