Exam question 3 · Singing, choirs and talent shows

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "harmony" as employed in choral singing?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, employ · To what, where: term, choral singing

This is exam question 3 of lesson 8 «Singing, choirs and talent shows» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 term	det
10	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 harmony	punct
12	harmony	harmony	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 term	appos
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 harmony	punct
14	as	as	SCONJ	_	15 employed	mark
15	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	advcl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 singing	case
17	choral	choral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 singing	amod
18	singing	singing	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 employed	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the term		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	employ	participle		choral singing		vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

An error tolerated by the director of the choir

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 error	det
2	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	tolerated	tolerate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 error	acl
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 director	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 director	det
6	director	director	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tolerated	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 choir	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 choir	det
9	choir	choir	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 director	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tolerate	participle		a error not said here				by the director of the choir	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The simultaneous singing of different notes that sound agreeably together

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 singing	det
2	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 singing	amod
3	singing	singing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 notes	case
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 notes	amod
6	notes	note	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 singing	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 sound	nsubj
8	sound	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 notes	acl:relcl
9	agreeably	agreeably	ADV	_	8 sound	advmod
10	together	together	ADV	_	8 sound	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sound	present	different notes					agreeably, together property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	sing			different notes					nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The singing of an identical note by every member

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 singing	det
2	singing	singing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 note	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 note	det
5	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 note	amod
6	note	note	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 singing	nmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 member	case
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 member	det
9	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 singing	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing		every member	a identical note					nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent

Option 4

The singing of one member at a greater volume than the rest of the choir

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 singing	det
2	singing	singing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 member	case
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 member	nummod
5	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 singing	nmod
6	at	at	ADP	_	9 volume	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 volume	det
8	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 volume	amod
9	volume	volume	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 singing	nmod
10	than	than	ADP	_	12 rest	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 rest	det
12	rest	rest	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 volume	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 choir	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 choir	det
15	choir	choir	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 rest	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing			one member		a greater volume than the rest of the choir			nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient at=place

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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