Test 5 · What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in

What would happen to hermit crabs if people took every empty shell home from the beach?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: people · What happens: happen, take · To what, where: empty shell, beach

This is test 5 of lesson 1 «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 crabs	case
5	hermit	hermit	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 crabs	compound
6	crabs	crab	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 happen	obl
7	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 took	mark
8	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 took	nsubj
9	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	advcl
10	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	12 shell	det
11	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 shell	amod
12	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 took	obj
13	home	home	ADV	_	9 took	advmod
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 beach	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 beach	det
16	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 took	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would						to hermit crabs	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	take a condition, not said to happen	past	people	every empty shell		the beach		home property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent shell=Theme from beach=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Hermit crabs would grow their own shells

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hermit	hermit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 crabs	compound
2	crabs	crab	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grow	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 grow	aux
4	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 shells	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 shells	amod
7	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	would	Hermit crabs	crabs's own shells					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shell=Theme

Option 2

Nothing, they live happily without shells

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 live	vocative
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 live	nsubj
4	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	happily	happily	ADV	_	4 live	advmod
6	without	without	ADP	_	7 shells	case
7	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 live	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	they					without shells; Nothing vocative; happily property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Crabs would have nowhere safe to grow into, and many would be eaten

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crabs	crab	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 have	aux
3	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 have	advmod
5	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 have	xcomp
6	to	to	PART	_	7 grow	mark
7	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 safe	xcomp
8	into	into	ADP	_	7 grow	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 eaten	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 eaten	cc
11	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 eaten	nsubj:pass
12	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 eaten	aux
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 eaten	aux:pass
14	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 have	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	would	Crabs		nowhere, safe property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	grow	to-infinitive	Crabs not said here			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	eat	would · passive		many		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

They would move into sand holes instead with no trouble at all, and be just as safe

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 move	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 move	aux
3	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 holes	case
5	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 holes	compound
6	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 move	obl
7	instead	instead	ADV	_	10 trouble	advmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 trouble	case
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 trouble	det
10	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 move	obl
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 all	case
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 trouble	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 safe	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 safe	cc
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	18 safe	cop
16	just	just	ADV	_	18 safe	advmod
17	as	as	ADV	_	18 safe	advmod
18	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 move	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	would	They			sand holes		with no trouble at all	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into hole=Trajectory
2	is	infinitive						safe property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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