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Test 8 · ★★★ · Sea lions, seals and otters

Your friend says sea otters are just big cuddly ducks of the sea, they do nothing much. What is the truth?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend, sea otters, otters, truth · What happens: say, be, do · To what, where: big cuddly ducks, nothing · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 100 «Sea lions, seals and otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your friend says sea otters are just big cuddly ducks of the sea, they do nothing much.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 friend	nmod:poss
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 otters	compound
5	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 ducks	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 ducks	cop
7	just	just	ADV	_	8 big	advmod
8	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 ducks	amod
9	cuddly	cuddly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 ducks	amod
10	ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 says	ccomp
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 sea	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sea	det
13	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 ducks	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 do	punct
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 do	nsubj
16	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	parataxis
17	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	16 do	obj
18	much	much	ADV	_	16 do	advmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	sea otters	big cuddly ducks				of the sea	tree rules
3	do	present	otters = otter	nothing					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 truth	det
4	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the truth						tree rules

The options

Option 1

They only sleep and never eat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sleep	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 sleep	advmod
3	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 eat	cc
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 eat	advmod
6	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sleep	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	They						vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not eat	infinitive	They not said here						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They eat the kelp forests down to bare rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 eat	nsubj
2	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 forests	det
4	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 forests	compound
5	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eat	obj
6	down	down	ADV	_	2 eat	advmod
7	to	to	PART	_	8 bare	mark
8	bare	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 eat	advcl
9	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bare	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	They	the kelp forests				down property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Patient
2	bear	to-infinitive	They not said here	rock					vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Patient

Option 3

They are birds that cannot fly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 birds	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 birds	cop
3	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 fly	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 fly	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 fly	advmod
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 birds	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	birds					tree rules
2	not fly	can	birds						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They protect whole kelp forests by eating urchins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 protect	nsubj
2	protect	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 forests	amod
4	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 forests	compound
5	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 protect	obj
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 eating	mark
7	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 protect	advcl
8	urchins	urchin	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 eating	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present	They	whole kelp forests					vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Beneficiary
2	eat	gerund	They not said here	urchins					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent urchin=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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