Test 9 · The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and ant…
A herd of antelopes suddenly springs straight up for no reason. What is going on?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: herd · What happens: spring, go on
This is test 9 of lesson 101 «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A herd of antelopes suddenly springs straight up for no reason.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 herd | det |
| 2 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 springs | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 antelopes | case |
| 4 | antelopes | antelope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 herd | nmod |
| 5 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 6 springs | advmod |
| 6 | springs | spring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 8 up | advmod |
| 8 | up | up | ADV | _ | 6 springs | advmod |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 reason | case |
| 10 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 11 reason | det |
| 11 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 springs | obl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 springs | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spring | present | a herd of antelopes | for no reason; suddenly property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is going on?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 going | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 going | aux |
| 3 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 3 going | compound:prt |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 going | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go on | present · progressive | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
They are dancing because they are happy
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 dancing | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 dancing | aux |
| 3 | dancing | dance | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 7 happy | mark |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 happy | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 happy | cop |
| 7 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 dancing | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dance | present · progressive | They | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is | present | they | happy property | tree rules |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
They are pronking, showing a predator they are fit
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 pronking | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 pronking | aux |
| 3 | pronking | pronk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 showing | punct |
| 5 | showing | show | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 pronking | advcl |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 predator | det |
| 7 | predator | predator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 showing | obj |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 fit | nsubj |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 fit | cop |
| 10 | fit | fit | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 pronking | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pronk | present · progressive | They | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | show | gerund | They not said here | a predator | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent predator=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | is | present | they | fit property | tree rules |
Option 3
They are trying to reach the high leaves on the trees
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 trying | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 trying | aux |
| 3 | trying | try | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 reach | mark |
| 5 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 trying | xcomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 leaves | det |
| 7 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 leaves | amod |
| 8 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 reach | obj |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 trees | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 trees | det |
| 11 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 reach | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | try | present · progressive | They | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | reach not said to happen | to-infinitive | They not said here | the high leaves | the trees | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |
Option 4
They are jumping over invisible fences
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 jumping | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 jumping | aux |
| 3 | jumping | jump | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | over | over | ADP | _ | 6 fences | case |
| 5 | invisible | invisible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 fences | amod |
| 6 | fences | fence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 jumping | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | jump | present · progressive | They | invisible fences | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over fence=Trajectory |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/t9/