Exam question 3 · The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wil…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the ostrich lowering its head towards the ground.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, lower · To what, where: response, ostrich, head, ground

This is exam question 3 of lesson 102 «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ostrich	det
11	ostrich	ostrich	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	lowering	lower	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 concerning	advcl
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 head	nmod:poss
14	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lowering	obj
15	towards	towards	ADP	_	17 ground	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 ground	det
17	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lowering	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the ostrich			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ostrich=Experiencer
4	lower	gerund	the established facts not said here	ostrich's head	the ground		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent head=Theme towards ground=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is drinking water from beneath the sand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 drinking	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 drinking	aux
3	drinking	drink	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drinking	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 sand	case
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	8 sand	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sand	det
8	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drinking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	present · progressive	It	water		the sand			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient

Option 2

It is burying its head in the sand from fear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 burying	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 burying	aux
3	burying	bury	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 head	nmod:poss
5	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burying	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 sand	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sand	det
8	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burying	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 fear	case
10	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bury	present · progressive	It	its head		the sand		from fear	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent head=Theme in sand=Destination

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is turning its eggs or lying flat to conceal itself, and does not bury its head

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turning	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 turning	aux
3	turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 eggs	nmod:poss
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turning	obj
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 lying	cc
7	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 turning	conj
8	flat	flat	ADV	_	7 lying	advmod
9	to	to	PART	_	10 conceal	mark
10	conceal	conceal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 lying	advcl
11	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	10 conceal	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 bury	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 bury	cc
14	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 bury	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 bury	advmod
16	bury	bury	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 turning	conj
17	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 head	nmod:poss
18	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bury	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	turn	present · progressive	It	its eggs		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme egg=Result
2	lie	gerund			flat property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	conceal	to-infinitive		itself = it		vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Patient
4	not bury	present · do-support		its head		vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme

Option 4

It is sleeping in an inverted position

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sleeping	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sleeping	aux
3	sleeping	sleep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 position	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 position	det
6	inverted	invert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 position	amod
7	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sleeping	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present · progressive	It			a inverted position			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in position=Location
2	invert	participle							vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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