Test 7 · ★ · The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wil…

«hyenas are laughing cos they're happy» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hyenas · What happens: laugh, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 102 «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 laughing	punct
2	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 laughing	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 laughing	aux
4	laughing	laugh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	cos	cos	SCONJ	_	8 happy	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 happy	nsubj
7	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 happy	cop
8	happy	happy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 laughing	ccomp
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 happy	punct
10	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 right	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 right	cop
12	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 happy	parataxis
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 laughing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	laugh in a quote	present · progressive	hyenas		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	hyenas = hyena	happy property	tree rules
3	is	present		right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The giggle often means they are nervous or excited

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 giggle	det
2	giggle	giggle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
3	often	often	ADV	_	4 means	advmod
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 nervous	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 nervous	cop
7	nervous	nervous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 means	ccomp
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 excited	cc
9	excited	excited	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 nervous	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	mean	present	the giggle	often property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	they	nervous property	tree rules
3	be		they not said here		tree rules

Option 2

No, hyenas make no sound at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 make	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 make	nsubj
4	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 sound	det
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 make	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	hyenas	no sound		all			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

Option 3

Yes, they laugh only after a big meal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 laugh	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 laugh	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 laugh	nsubj
4	laugh	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	4 laugh	advmod
6	after	after	ADP	_	9 meal	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 meal	det
8	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 meal	amod
9	meal	meal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 laugh	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	present	they				after a big meal		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, they giggle at all the funny things they see

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 giggle	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 giggle	nsubj
4	giggle	giggle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	9 things	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 things	det:predet
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 things	det
8	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 things	amod
9	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 giggle	obl
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 see	nsubj
11	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 things	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	giggle	present	they			all funny things			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	see	present	things = thing	all funny things not said here					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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