Test 9 · ★ · The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wil…

Why would a mother hippo's red skin liquid be useful on a hot day?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: red skin liquid · What happens: be

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 102 «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	11 useful	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 useful	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 hippo	det
4	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hippo	compound
5	hippo	hippo	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 liquid	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 hippo	case
7	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 liquid	amod
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 liquid	compound
9	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 useful	nsubj
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 useful	cop
11	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
12	on	on	ADP	_	15 day	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 day	det
14	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 day	amod
15	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 useful	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	11 useful	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	a mother hippo's red skin liquid				day	useful property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It makes her look scary to lions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	obj
4	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	scary	scary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 look	xcomp
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 lions	case
7	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 look	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	her = she					tree rules
2	look	infinitive	her = she not said here					to lions; scary property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to lion=Experiencer

Option 2

It keeps flies away by smelling of flowers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keeps	obj
4	away	away	ADV	_	2 keeps	advmod
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 smelling	mark
6	smelling	smell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 keeps	advcl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 flowers	case
8	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 smelling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep away	present	It	flies				away property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Theme
2	smell	gerund						of flowers	vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of flower=Theme

Option 3

It cools her down by turning to ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 cools	nsubj
2	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 cools	obj
4	down	down	ADP	_	2 cools	compound:prt
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 turning	mark
6	turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 cools	advcl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 ice	case
8	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turning	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool down	present	It	her = she					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent she=Patient
2	turn	gerund				ice			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to ice=Trajectory

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It works like sunscreen for her skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 works	nsubj
2	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	like	like	ADP	_	4 sunscreen	case
4	sunscreen	sunscreen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 works	obl
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 skin	case
6	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 skin	nmod:poss
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 works	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	It					like sunscreen; for her skin	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for skin=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/t9/