Test 2 · The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, emus, wallabies and d…

In a cartoon a kangaroo puts on boxing gloves and fights for fun. What is real?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: kangaroo · What happens: put, be · To what, where: cartoon

This is test 2 of lesson 103 «The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, emus, wallabies and dingoes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a kangaroo puts on boxing gloves and fights for fun.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 puts	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 kangaroo	det
5	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 puts	nsubj
6	puts	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 gloves	case
8	boxing	boxing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gloves	compound
9	gloves	glove	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 puts	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 fights	cc
11	fights	fight	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 gloves	conj
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 fun	case
13	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 puts	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 puts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	present	a kangaroo			a cartoon		on boxing gloves and fights; for fun	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on glove=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is real?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 real	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 real	cop
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 real	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						real property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Kangaroos fight only with their teeth, biting each other's necks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fight	nsubj
2	fight	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 teeth	advmod
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 teeth	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 teeth	nmod:poss
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fight	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 biting	punct
8	biting	bite	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 fight	advcl
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 other	det
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 necks	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 other	case
12	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 biting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fight	present	Kangaroos					with Kangaroos's teeth	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with tooth=Co-Agent
2	bite	gerund	Kangaroos not said here	each other's necks					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Patient

Option 2

Only females fight, by bumping heads

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 females	advmod
2	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fight	nsubj
3	fight	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 fight	punct
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 bumping	mark
6	bumping	bump	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 fight	advcl
7	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bumping	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fight	present	females						vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	bump	gerund	females not said here	heads					vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Males push and kick to win rank, and the kicks can really hurt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 push	nsubj
2	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 kick	cc
4	kick	kick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 push	conj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 win	mark
6	win	win	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 kick	advcl
7	rank	rank	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 win	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 hurt	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 hurt	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 kicks	det
11	kicks	kick	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 hurt	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 hurt	aux
13	really	really	ADV	_	14 hurt	advmod
14	hurt	hurt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 push	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	push	present	Males		vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	kick	present	Males not said here		vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
3	win	to-infinitive	Males not said here	rank	vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rank=Eventuality
4	hurt	can	the kicks		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Kangaroos never fight at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fight	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 fight	advmod
3	fight	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 all	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 fight	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not fight	present	Kangaroos			all			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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