Exam question 1 · The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and g…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the slowness of the sloth?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: slowness

This is exam question 1 of lesson 108 «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 slowness	det
10	slowness	slowness	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 sloth	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sloth	det
13	sloth	sloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 slowness	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the slowness of the sloth				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It results from chronic illness caused by the algae in its fur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 results	nsubj
2	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 illness	case
4	chronic	chronic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 illness	amod
5	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 results	nmod
6	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 results	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 algae	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 algae	det
9	algae	alga	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 caused	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 fur	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 fur	nmod:poss
12	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 caused	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	participle		results from chronic illness not said here				by the algae; in illness's fur	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition in fur=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It conserves the scant energy furnished by a diet of leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 conserves	nsubj
2	conserves	conserve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 energy	det
4	scant	scant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 energy	amod
5	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conserves	obj
6	furnished	furnish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 energy	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 diet	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 diet	det
9	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 furnished	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 leaves	case
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 diet	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conserve	present	It	the scant energy					tree rules
2	furnish	participle		the scant energy not said here				by a diet of leaves	vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is a habit of idleness without biological purpose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 habit	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 habit	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 habit	det
4	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 idleness	case
6	idleness	idleness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 habit	nmod
7	without	without	ADP	_	9 purpose	case
8	biological	biological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 purpose	amod
9	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 habit	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a habit				of idleness; without biological purpose	tree rules

Option 4

It is acquired only in captivity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 acquired	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 acquired	aux:pass
3	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 captivity	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 captivity	case
6	captivity	captivity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 acquired	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	acquire	present · passive		It		captivity			vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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