Exam question 3 · The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and g…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the piranha.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, piranha

This is exam question 3 of lesson 108 «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 piranha	det
11	piranha	piranha	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the piranha		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus piranha=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It feeds solely upon human beings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 feeds	nsubj
2	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	solely	solely	ADV	_	2 feeds	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 beings	case
5	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 beings	amod
6	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 feeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	present	It					upon human beings; solely property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It customarily consumes entire cattle in a matter of seconds when they cross rivers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 consumes	nsubj
2	customarily	customarily	ADV	_	3 consumes	advmod
3	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	entire	entire	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cattle	amod
5	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 consumes	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 matter	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 matter	det
8	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consumes	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 seconds	case
10	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 matter	nmod
11	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 cross	advmod
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 cross	nsubj
13	cross	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 consumes	advcl
14	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 cross	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	consume	present	It	entire cattle	a matter of seconds	customarily property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Asset
2	cross	present	cattle	rivers			vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient
3	matter		seconds				nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

It is a herbivore consuming nothing but grass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 herbivore	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 herbivore	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 herbivore	det
4	herbivore	herbivore	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	consuming	consume	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 herbivore	acl
6	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 consuming	obj
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 grass	cc
8	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 nothing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a herbivore					tree rules
2	consume	gerund	a herbivore not said here	nothing					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Asset

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is in the main a timid fish, and attacks upon man are rare and generally slight

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 main	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 main	cop
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 main	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 main	det
5	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 fish	det
7	timid	timid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fish	amod
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 main	nsubj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 rare	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 rare	cc
11	attacks	attack	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 rare	nsubj
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	13 man	case
13	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 attacks	nmod
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 rare	cop
15	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 main	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 slight	cc
17	generally	generally	ADV	_	18 slight	advmod
18	slight	slight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 main	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	main property	tree rules
2	is	present	attacks upon man	rare property	tree rules
3	be			generally property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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