Test 10 · ★★★ · The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and g…

«giant otters? never heard of 'em, must be loads» Why are they rare?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: giant otters, otters · What happens: not hear, be · To what, where: giant otters, loads

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 108 «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 otters	punct
2	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 otters	amod
3	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 loads	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 otters	punct
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 heard	advmod
6	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 otters	acl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 'em	case
8	'em	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 heard	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 otters	punct
10	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 loads	aux
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 loads	cop
12	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 loads	punct
14	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	17 rare	advmod
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 rare	cop
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 rare	nsubj
17	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 loads	advcl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 loads	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not hear in a quote	participle		giant otters not said here	of 'em = they	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of they=Stimulus
2	is a in a quote	must	giant otters	loads		tree rules
3	is	present	otters = otter		rare property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They moved to Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 moved	nsubj
2	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	4 Africa	case
4	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 moved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	past	They		Africa				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result

Option 2

Piranhas ate most of them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Piranhas	piranha	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 ate	nsubj
2	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 ate	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 them	case
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 most	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	past	Piranhas	most of them					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They were hunted almost to extinction for their fur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hunted	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 hunted	aux:pass
3	hunted	hunt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	almost	almost	ADV	_	6 extinction	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 extinction	case
6	extinction	extinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunted	obl
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 fur	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 fur	nmod:poss
9	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	past · passive		They				to extinction; for their fur	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for fur=Theme

Option 4

They have always been rare in every river of South America

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 rare	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 rare	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 rare	advmod
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 rare	cop
5	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 river	case
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 river	det
8	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rare	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 America	case
10	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 America	compound
11	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 river	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present · perfect	They			every river of South America		always, rare property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/t10/