Exam question 4 · Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and heal…

Ascertain the method by which the efficacy of enrichment is customarily evaluated.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, method · What happens: ascertain, evaluate · To what, where: method, efficacy

This is exam question 4 of lesson 112 «Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and healthy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 method	det
3	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 evaluated	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 efficacy	det
7	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 evaluated	nsubj:pass
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 enrichment	case
9	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 efficacy	nmod
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 evaluated	aux:pass
11	customarily	customarily	ADV	_	12 evaluated	advmod
12	evaluated	evaluate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 method	acl:relcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the method					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent method=Topic
2	evaluate	present · passive	the method	the efficacy of enrichment				customarily property	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

By the assessment of the cost of each device

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 assessment	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 assessment	det
3	assessment	assessment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 cost	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cost	det
6	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 assessment	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 device	case
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 device	det
9	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cost	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assess			the cost of each device					nom assessment «cognition transitive»: of=patient
2	cost			each device					nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

By the recording of behaviours such as pacing, play and rest before and after its provision

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 recording	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 recording	det
3	recording	recording	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 play	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 behaviours	case
5	behaviours	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 recording	nmod
6	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	8 pacing	case
7	as	as	ADP	_	6 such	fixed
8	pacing	pacing	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 behaviours	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 recording	punct
10	play	play	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 rest	cc
12	rest	rest	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	10 play	conj
13	before	before	ADV	_	12 rest	advmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 provision	cc
15	after	after	ADP	_	17 provision	case
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 provision	nmod:poss
17	provision	provision	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 before	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	play	imperative	you not said here	by the recording of behaviours such pacing	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	rest	infinitive	you not said here	before property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	provide		pacing		nom provision «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

By the solicitation of written opinions from members of the visiting public at the enclosure

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 solicitation	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 solicitation	det
3	solicitation	solicitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 opinions	case
5	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 opinions	amod
6	opinions	opinion	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 solicitation	nmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 members	case
8	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 opinions	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 public	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 public	det
11	visiting	visit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 public	amod
12	public	public	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 members	nmod
13	at	at	ADP	_	15 enclosure	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 enclosure	det
15	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 solicitation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	write	participle			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	visit	gerund			vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	solicit		written opinions from members of the visiting public	the enclosure	nom solicitation «communication transitive»: of=patient at=place

Option 4

By the weighing of the enrichment devices after use

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 weighing	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 weighing	det
3	weighing	weighing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 devices	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 devices	det
6	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 devices	compound
7	devices	device	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 weighing	nmod
8	after	after	ADP	_	9 use	case
9	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 devices	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weigh			the enrichment devices after use					nom weighing «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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