Exam question 2 · Breeding programmes for rare animals: studbooks and frozen…

Identify the principal reason for which zoological institutions avoid the pairing of closely related animals.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, zoological institutions, related animals · What happens: identify, avoid, pair · To what, where: principal reason, pairing

This is exam question 2 of lesson 113 «Breeding programmes for rare animals: studbooks and frozen zoos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 avoid	obl
7	zoological	zoological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 institutions	amod
8	institutions	institution	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 avoid	nsubj
9	avoid	avoid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 pairing	det
11	pairing	pairing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 avoid	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 animals	case
13	closely	closely	ADV	_	14 related	advmod
14	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 animals	amod
15	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 pairing	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	avoid	present	zoological institutions	the pairing of related animals	for the principal reason	vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent pairing=Location
3	pair		related animals			nom pairing «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Related animals are incapable of producing offspring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 incapable	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 incapable	cop
4	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 producing	mark
6	producing	produce	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 incapable	advcl
7	offspring	offspring	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 producing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Related animals					incapable property	tree rules
2	produce	gerund	Related animals not said here	offspring					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Result

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Such pairings increase the incidence of inherited disease and reduce genetic variety

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 pairings	amod
2	pairings	pairing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 increase	nsubj
3	increase	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 incidence	det
5	incidence	incidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 increase	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 disease	case
7	inherited	inherit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 disease	amod
8	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 incidence	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 reduce	cc
10	reduce	reduce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 increase	conj
11	genetic	genetic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 variety	amod
12	variety	variety	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reduce	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	increase	present	Such pairings	the incidence of inherited disease	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer incidence=Patient
2	inherit	participle			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	reduce	present	Such pairings not said here	genetic variety	vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer variety=Patient

Option 3

Such pairings produce offspring of excessive size

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 pairings	amod
2	pairings	pairing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 produce	nsubj
3	produce	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	offspring	offspring	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produce	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 size	case
6	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 size	amod
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 offspring	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present	Such pairings	offspring of excessive size					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Result

Option 4

Such pairings are prohibited solely on grounds of the cost of transporting the animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 pairings	amod
2	pairings	pairing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 prohibited	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 prohibited	aux:pass
4	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	solely	solely	ADV	_	4 prohibited	advmod
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 grounds	case
7	grounds	grounds	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 prohibited	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 cost	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 cost	det
10	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 grounds	nmod
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 transporting	mark
12	transporting	transport	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 cost	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 animals	det
14	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 transporting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present · passive		Such pairings		grounds of the cost		solely property	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	transport	gerund	the cost not said here	the animals					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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