Test 1 · ★★ · How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing

«my cat sits staring at a mousehole for ages and gets nothing, he's useless» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cat · What happens: sit, stare, get, be · To what, where: nothing · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 119 «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 sits	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 cat	nmod:poss
3	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sits	nsubj
4	sits	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	staring	stare	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 sits	advcl
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 mousehole	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 mousehole	det
8	mousehole	mousehole	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 staring	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 ages	case
10	ages	age	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 staring	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 gets	cc
12	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sits	conj
13	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	12 gets	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 useless	punct
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 useless	nsubj
16	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 useless	cop
17	useless	useless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sits	conj
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 useless	punct
19	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	21 right	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 right	cop
21	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 useless	parataxis
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 sits	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	sit in a quote	present	my cat				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	stare in a quote	gerund	my cat not said here		for ages	at a mousehole	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at mousehole=Theme
3	get in a quote	present	my cat not said here	nothing			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus
4	is in a quote	present	cat			useless property	tree rules
5	is	present				right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Cats are not hunters at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hunters	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hunters	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 hunters	advmod
4	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 hunters	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	Cats	hunters		all			tree rules

Option 2

Real cats catch a mouse every time, so he must be ill or very lazy

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 cats	amod
2	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 catch	nsubj
3	catch	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 mouse	det
5	mouse	mouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 catch	obj
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 time	det
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 catch	obl:unmarked
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ill	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	13 ill	advmod
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 ill	nsubj
11	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 ill	aux
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 ill	cop
13	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 catch	parataxis
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 lazy	cc
15	very	very	ADV	_	16 lazy	advmod
16	lazy	lazy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 ill	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	catch	present	Real cats	a mouse	time		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme
2	is	must	mouse			ill property	tree rules
3	be		mouse not said here				tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Sit-and-wait hunters often wait a long time and catch nothing, even wild cats

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 wait	punct
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 wait	cc
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 and	punct
5	wait	wait	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hunters	compound
6	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 wait	nsubj
7	often	often	ADV	_	8 wait	advmod
8	wait	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Sit	parataxis
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 time	det
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 time	amod
11	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 wait	obl:unmarked
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 catch	cc
13	catch	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 wait	conj
14	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	13 catch	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 cats	punct
16	even	even	ADV	_	18 cats	advmod
17	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 cats	amod
18	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Sit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	sit	imperative	you not said here	wild cats			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	wait	present	wait hunters		time	often property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	catch	present	wait hunters not said here	nothing			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

He is waiting for cheese to come out of the hole, not for a mouse

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 waiting	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 waiting	aux
3	waiting	wait	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 cheese	case
5	cheese	cheese	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 waiting	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 come	mark
7	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 waiting	advcl
8	out	out	ADP	_	11 hole	case
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 hole	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hole	det
11	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 come	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 mouse	punct
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 mouse	advmod
14	for	for	ADP	_	16 mouse	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 mouse	det
16	mouse	mouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 waiting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	present · progressive	He					for cheese; for a mouse	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	come out	to-infinitive	He not said here	the hole					vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient hole=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/t1/