Exam question 1 · Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern…

Identify the principal reason for which the leaves of deciduous trees acquire yellow and orange hues in autumn.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, leaves · What happens: identify, acquire · To what, where: principal reason, yellow hues

This is exam question 1 of lesson 12 «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 acquire	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 leaves	det
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 acquire	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 trees	case
10	deciduous	deciduous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 trees	amod
11	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 leaves	nmod
12	acquire	acquire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
13	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 hues	amod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 orange	cc
15	orange	orange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 yellow	conj
16	hues	hue	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 acquire	obj
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 autumn	case
18	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 acquire	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	acquire	present	the leaves of deciduous trees	yellow hues			autumn	for the principal reason	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent hue=Theme for which=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The decomposition of chlorophyll reveals pigments previously concealed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 decomposition	det
2	decomposition	decomposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reveals	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 chlorophyll	case
4	chlorophyll	chlorophyll	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 decomposition	nmod
5	reveals	reveal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	pigments	pigment	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reveals	obj
7	previously	previously	ADV	_	8 concealed	advmod
8	concealed	conceal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 pigments	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	reveal	present	the decomposition of chlorophyll	pigments		vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pigment=Topic
2	conceal	participle		pigments not said here	previously property	vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	decompose			chlorophyll		nom decomposition «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The leaves are scorched by the accumulated summer sunshine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leaves	det
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 scorched	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 scorched	aux:pass
4	scorched	scorch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	9 sunshine	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sunshine	det
7	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 sunshine	amod
8	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sunshine	compound
9	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 scorched	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	scorch	present · passive	the accumulated summer sunshine	the leaves					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	accumulate	participle							vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

The action of frost deposits new pigments upon the surface of the leaf

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 action	det
2	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pigments	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 deposits	case
4	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 deposits	compound
5	deposits	deposit	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 action	nmod
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 pigments	amod
7	pigments	pigment	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 surface	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 surface	det
10	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pigments	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 leaf	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 leaf	det
13	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 surface	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	act		frost deposits						nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

The leaves absorb colour from the surrounding soil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leaves	det
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 absorb	nsubj
3	absorb	absorb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absorb	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 soil	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 soil	det
7	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 soil	compound
8	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absorb	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present	the leaves	colour		the surrounding soil			vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Goal colour=Theme from soil=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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