Exam question 1 · The Lion King: real lions, prides and the circle of life

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the division of hunting within a pride of lions.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, division · What happens: select, establish, concern, hunt, pride · To what, where: response, division, lions

This is exam question 1 of lesson 124 «The Lion King: real lions, prides and the circle of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 division	det
11	division	division	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 hunting	mark
13	hunting	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 division	acl
14	within	within	ADP	_	16 pride	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 pride	det
16	pride	pride	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 hunting	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 lions	case
18	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 pride	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the division		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus division=Experiencer
4	hunt	gerund	the division not said here		within a pride of lions	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	pride			lions		nom pride «feeling transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The males undertake the entirety of the hunting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 males	det
2	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 undertake	nsubj
3	undertake	undertake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 entirety	det
5	entirety	entirety	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertake	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 hunting	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hunting	det
8	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 entirety	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present	the males	the entirety of the hunting					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent entirety=Eventuality

Option 2

The cubs undertake the greater part of the hunting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cubs	det
2	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 undertake	nsubj
3	undertake	undertake	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 part	det
5	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 part	amod
6	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertake	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 hunting	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hunting	det
9	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 part	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	infinitive	the cubs	the greater part of the hunting					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Eventuality

Option 3

No member of the pride hunts, all prey being obtained by theft from hyenas and wild dogs

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 member	det
2	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hunts	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 pride	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pride	det
5	pride	pride	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 member	nmod
6	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 obtained	punct
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 prey	det
9	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 obtained	nsubj:pass
10	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 obtained	aux:pass
11	obtained	obtain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 hunts	conj
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 theft	case
13	theft	theft	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 obtained	obl
14	from	from	ADP	_	15 hyenas	case
15	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 obtained	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 dogs	cc
17	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 dogs	amod
18	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 hyenas	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	no member of the pride						vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	obtain	gerund · passive	theft	all prey		hyenas and wild dogs			vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from hyena=Source

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The lionesses undertake the greater part of the hunting, although males also hunt, particularly large prey

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lionesses	det
2	lionesses	lioness	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 undertake	nsubj
3	undertake	undertake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 part	det
5	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 part	amod
6	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertake	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 hunting	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hunting	det
9	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 part	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 hunt	punct
11	although	although	SCONJ	_	14 hunt	mark
12	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 hunt	nsubj
13	also	also	ADV	_	14 hunt	advmod
14	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 undertake	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 prey	punct
16	particularly	particularly	ADV	_	17 large	advmod
17	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 prey	amod
18	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertake	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present	the lionesses	the greater part of the hunting					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Eventuality
2	hunt	present	males						vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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