Test 10 · ★★ · The Lion King: real lions, prides and the circle of life
A lioness lets another lioness's cub drink her milk. Why might this help her?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: lioness, cub, this · What happens: let, drink, help · To what, where: cub, milk, lioness
This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 124 «The Lion King: real lions, prides and the circle of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A lioness lets another lioness's cub drink her milk.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 lioness | det |
| 2 | lioness | lioness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lets | nsubj |
| 3 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 5 lioness | det |
| 5 | lioness | lioness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cub | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 lioness | case |
| 7 | cub | cub | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lets | obj |
| 8 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 lets | xcomp |
| 9 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 milk | nmod:poss |
| 10 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 drink | obj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lets | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | let | present | a lioness | another lioness's cub | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | drink | infinitive | another lioness's cub not said here | lioness's milk | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why might this help her?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 help | advmod |
| 2 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 help | aux |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 help | nsubj |
| 4 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 help | obj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 help | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | might | this | lioness | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary |
The options
Option 1
Lionesses swap their cubs with each other every single morning
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lionesses | lioness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 swap | nsubj |
| 2 | swap | swap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 cubs | nmod:poss |
| 4 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 swap | obj |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 each | case |
| 6 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 2 swap | obl |
| 7 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 each | fixed |
| 8 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 morning | det |
| 9 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 morning | amod |
| 10 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 swap | obl:unmarked |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swap | present | Lionesses | Lionesses's cubs | morning | with each | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent cub=Theme with each=Co-Agent |
Option 2
She has no cubs of her own ever
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 cubs | det |
| 4 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 own | case |
| 6 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 own | nmod:poss |
| 7 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 cubs | nmod |
| 8 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 2 has | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | She | no cubs of her own | ever | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cub=Patient |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The pride is related, so helping the cub helps her own family
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 pride | det |
| 2 | pride | pride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 related | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 related | cop |
| 4 | related | related | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 helps | punct |
| 6 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 helps | advmod |
| 7 | helping | help | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 helps | csubj |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 cub | det |
| 9 | cub | cub | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 helping | obj |
| 10 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 related | conj |
| 11 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 family | nmod:poss |
| 12 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 family | amod |
| 13 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 helps | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the pride | related property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | help | gerund | the cub | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cub=Beneficiary | |||||
| 3 | help | present | helping | her own family | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Beneficiary |
Option 4
She mistook the cub for a baby wildebeest that had got lost
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 mistook | nsubj |
| 2 | mistook | mistake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 cub | det |
| 4 | cub | cub | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 mistook | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 wildebeest | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 wildebeest | det |
| 7 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 wildebeest | compound |
| 8 | wildebeest | wildebeest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 mistook | obl |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 got | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 got | aux |
| 11 | got | get | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 wildebeest | acl:relcl |
| 12 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 got | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mistake | past | She | the cub | for a baby wildebeest | tree rules | |||
| 2 | get | past · perfect | a baby wildebeest | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | lose | participle | a baby wildebeest not said here | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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