Exam question 2 · Timon and Pumbaa: real meerkats and warthogs

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of the warthog?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: diet

This is exam question 2 of lesson 125 «Timon and Pumbaa: real meerkats and warthogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 diet	det
10	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 warthog	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 warthog	det
13	warthog	warthog	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 diet	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the diet of the warthog				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It consists principally of insects, which are ingested in very great number each day

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 consists	advmod
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 insects	case
5	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consists	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 ingested	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 ingested	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 ingested	aux:pass
9	ingested	ingest	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 insects	acl:relcl
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 number	case
11	very	very	ADV	_	12 great	advmod
12	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 number	amod
13	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ingested	obl
14	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	15 day	det
15	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ingested	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It					of insects; principally property	tree rules
2	ingest	present · passive		insects		great number	day		vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It consists principally of grasses, roots and bulbs, insects being taken only occasionally

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 consists	advmod
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 grasses	case
5	grasses	grass	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consists	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 roots	punct
7	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 grasses	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 bulbs	cc
9	bulbs	bulb	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 grasses	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 insects	punct
11	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 taken	nsubj:pass
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 taken	aux:pass
13	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 grasses	acl:relcl
14	only	only	ADV	_	15 occasionally	advmod
15	occasionally	occasionally	ADV	_	13 taken	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It					of grasses and roots and bulbs; principally property	tree rules
2	take	gerund · passive	grasses and roots and bulbs not said here	insects				occasionally property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Destination

Option 3

It consists principally of carrion, which is obtained from lions after they have eaten their fill

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 consists	advmod
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 carrion	case
5	carrion	carrion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consists	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 obtained	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 obtained	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 obtained	aux:pass
9	obtained	obtain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 carrion	acl:relcl
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 lions	case
11	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 obtained	obl
12	after	after	SCONJ	_	15 eaten	mark
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 eaten	nsubj
14	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 eaten	aux
15	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 obtained	advcl
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 fill	nmod:poss
17	fill	fill	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 eaten	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It		of carrion; principally property	tree rules
2	obtain	present · passive		carrion	from lions	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from lion=Source
3	eat	present · perfect	lions = lion	lions's fill		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fill=Patient

Option 4

It consists exclusively of the fruits of trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 consists	advmod
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 fruits	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 fruits	det
6	fruits	fruit	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consists	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 trees	case
8	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fruits	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It					of the fruits of trees; exclusively property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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