Exam question 3 · Marty, Gloria and Melman: real zebras, hippos and giraffes

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the neck of the giraffe?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: neck

This is exam question 3 of lesson 128 «Marty, Gloria and Melman: real zebras, hippos and giraffes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 neck	det
10	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 giraffe	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 giraffe	det
13	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 neck	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the neck of the giraffe				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It contains seven bones, in common with almost all mammals, each being of great length

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 bones	nummod
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 contains	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 common	punct
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 common	case
7	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 contains	conj
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 mammals	case
9	almost	almost	ADV	_	10 all	advmod
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 mammals	det
11	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 common	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 length	punct
13	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	17 length	nsubj
14	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 length	cop
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 length	case
16	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 length	amod
17	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	seven bones					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bone=Theme
2	is	gerund	each					of great length	tree rules

Option 2

It contains approximately seventy bones, each being of the ordinary length found in other mammals

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	5 bones	advmod
4	seventy	seventy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bones	amod
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 contains	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 length	punct
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	12 length	nsubj
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 length	cop
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 length	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 length	det
11	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 length	amod
12	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	conj
13	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 length	acl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 mammals	case
15	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 mammals	amod
16	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	seventy bones			vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bone=Theme
2	is	gerund	each			of the ordinary length	tree rules
3	find	participle		the ordinary length not said here	other mammals		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It contains no bones, being composed of muscle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 bones	det
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 contains	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 composed	punct
6	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 composed	aux:pass
7	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 contains	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 muscle	case
9	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 composed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	no bones					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bone=Theme
2	compose	gerund · passive						of muscle	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»

Option 4

It contains twice the number of bones found in the human neck

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 contains	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 number	det
5	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 bones	case
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 number	nmod
8	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 bones	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 neck	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 neck	det
11	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 neck	amod
12	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	the number of bones				twice property	vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot number=Theme
2	find	participle		bones not said here		the human neck			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/128-madagascar-real-zebras-hippos-and-giraffes/e3/