Exam question 1 · The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the geographical distribution of wild penguins.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, distribute · To what, where: response, geographical distribution, wild penguins

This is exam question 1 of lesson 129 «The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 distribution	det
11	geographical	geographical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 distribution	amod
12	distribution	distribution	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 penguins	case
14	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 penguins	amod
15	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 distribution	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the geographical distribution of wild penguins		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus distribution=Experiencer
4	distribute			wild penguins		nom distribution «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They inhabit both polar regions in equal number

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 inhabit	nsubj
2	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	5 regions	det
4	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 regions	amod
5	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 inhabit	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 number	case
7	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 number	amod
8	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 inhabit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present	They	both polar regions		equal number			tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They are confined to the southern half of the world

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 confined	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confined	aux:pass
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 half	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 half	det
6	southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 half	amod
7	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	3 confined	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 world	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 world	det
10	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 half	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	present · passive		They		the southern half of the world			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to half=Destination

Option 3

They occur in every ocean of the northern half of the world

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 occur	nsubj
2	occur	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 ocean	case
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 ocean	det
5	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 occur	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 half	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 half	det
8	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 half	amod
9	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	5 ocean	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 world	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 world	det
12	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 half	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	present	They			every ocean of the northern half of the world			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in ocean=Location

Option 4

They are found in abundance upon Madagascar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 found	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 found	aux:pass
3	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 abundance	case
5	abundance	abundance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 found	obl
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 Madagascar	case
7	Madagascar	Madagascar	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 abundance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present · passive		They		abundance upon Madagascar			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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