Exam question 4 · The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the abilities of the chimpanzee?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: abilities

This is exam question 4 of lesson 129 «The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 abilities	det
10	abilities	ability	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 chimpanzee	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 chimpanzee	det
13	chimpanzee	chimpanzee	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 abilities	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the abilities of the chimpanzee				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It employs no tools of any description

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 employs	nsubj
2	employs	employ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 tools	det
4	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 employs	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 description	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 description	det
7	description	description	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tools	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present	It	no tools of any description					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Theme

Option 2

It reads printed matter with fluency, as shown in the film, and writes a few simple words

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reads	nsubj
2	reads	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	printed	print	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 matter	amod
4	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reads	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 fluency	case
6	fluency	fluency	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reads	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 shown	punct
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 shown	mark
9	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 reads	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 film	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 film	det
12	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shown	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 writes	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 writes	cc
15	writes	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reads	conj
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 words	det
17	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 words	amod
18	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 words	amod
19	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 writes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	read	present	It	printed matter		with fluency	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matter=Topic
2	print	participle					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	show	participle			the film		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	write	present		a few simple words			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme

Option 3

It is incapable of learning from others of its kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 incapable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 learning	mark
5	learning	learn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 incapable	advcl
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 others	case
7	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 learning	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 kind	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 kind	nmod:poss
10	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 others	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					incapable property	tree rules
2	learn	gerund				others of its kind			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from other=Source

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It cannot read, but may learn numerous symbols and employs sticks and stones as tools

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 read	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 read	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 read	advmod
4	read	read	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 learn	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 learn	cc
7	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 learn	aux
8	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 read	conj
9	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 symbols	amod
10	symbols	symbol	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 learn	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 employs	cc
12	employs	employ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 read	conj
13	sticks	stick	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 employs	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 stones	cc
15	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 sticks	conj
16	as	as	ADP	_	17 tools	case
17	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 employs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not read	can	It			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	learn	may		numerous symbols		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent symbol=Topic
3	employ	present		sticks and stones	as tools	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent stick=Theme as tool=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps/e4/