Exam question 1 · Ice Age: real woolly mammoths

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the extinction of the woolly mammoth.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, extinguish · To what, where: response, extinction, woolly mammoth

This is exam question 1 of lesson 130 «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 extinction	det
11	extinction	extinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 mammoth	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 mammoth	det
14	woolly	woolly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 mammoth	amod
15	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 extinction	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the extinction of the woolly mammoth		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus extinction=Experiencer
4	extinguish			the woolly mammoth		nom extinction «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The species became extinct approximately one hundred years ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 became	nsubj
3	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 became	xcomp
5	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	7 hundred	advmod
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 hundred	compound
7	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 years	nummod
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 ago	obl:unmarked
9	ago	ago	ADV	_	3 became	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	the species					ago, extinct property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 2

The species survives at the present time in remote and frozen regions of Siberia, unobserved by scientists

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 survives	nsubj
3	survives	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 time	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 time	det
6	present	present	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 time	compound
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 survives	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	12 regions	case
9	remote	remote	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 regions	amod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 frozen	cc
11	frozen	frozen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 remote	conj
12	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 survives	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 Siberia	case
14	Siberia	Siberia	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 regions	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 unobserved	punct
16	unobserved	unobserv	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 survives	conj
17	by	by	ADP	_	18 scientists	case
18	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 unobserved	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	survive	present	the species			remote regions of Siberia	time		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in region=Location
2	unobserv	participle	the species not said here						tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The greater part became extinct approximately ten thousand years ago, a remnant surviving upon Wrangel Island until approximately four thousand years ago

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 part	det
2	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 part	amod
3	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 became	nsubj
4	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 became	xcomp
6	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	8 thousand	advmod
7	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 thousand	compound
8	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 years	nummod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 ago	obl:unmarked
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 became	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 remnant	punct
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 remnant	det
13	remnant	remnant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 became	xcomp
14	surviving	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 remnant	acl
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 Island	case
16	Wrangel	Wrangel	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 Island	compound
17	Island	Island	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 surviving	obl
18	until	until	ADP	_	22 years	case
19	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	21 thousand	advmod
20	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 thousand	compound
21	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	22 years	nummod
22	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 surviving	obl
23	ago	ago	ADV	_	22 years	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	the greater part	a remnant				ago, extinct property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	survive	gerund	a remnant not said here			Wrangel Island	year		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon island=Location

Option 4

The species became extinct contemporaneously with the dinosaurs, upwards of sixty million years ago, and was never seen by any human being

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 became	nsubj
3	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 became	xcomp
5	contemporaneously	contemporaneously	ADV	_	3 became	advmod
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 dinosaurs	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 dinosaurs	det
8	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 became	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 upwards	punct
10	upwards	upward	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 dinosaurs	conj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 years	case
12	sixty	sixty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 million	compound
13	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 years	nummod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 ago	obl:unmarked
15	ago	ago	ADV	_	10 upwards	advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 seen	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 seen	cc
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 seen	aux:pass
19	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	20 seen	advmod
20	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 became	parataxis
21	by	by	ADP	_	22 any	case
22	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	20 seen	obl
23	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 seen	xcomp
24	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 human	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	the species					with the dinosaurs and upwards; contemporaneously, extinct property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	not see	past · passive						by any; human property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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