Exam question 4 · Ice Age: real woolly mammoths

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the woolly mammoth and living elephants?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, live · To what, where: relationship, elephants

This is exam question 4 of lesson 130 «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relationship	det
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	14 mammoth	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 mammoth	det
13	woolly	woolly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 mammoth	amod
14	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 living	cc
16	living	live	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 relationship	conj
17	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 living	obj
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the relationship	of the following statements; between the woolly mammoth; accurately property	tree rules
3	live	gerund	elephants		vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme elephant=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The mammoth was a species of bear clothed in long fur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mammoth	det
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 species	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 species	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 species	det
5	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 bear	case
7	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 species	nmod
8	clothed	clothe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 species	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 fur	case
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 fur	amod
11	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 clothed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the mammoth	a species				of bear	tree rules
2	clothe	participle		a species not said here				in long fur	vn dress-41.1.1-1-2 «Passive»: agent=Pivot in fur=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The mammoth was a close relative of living elephants, nearest of all to the Asian elephant

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mammoth	det
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 relative	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 relative	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 relative	det
5	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 relative	amod
6	relative	relative	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 elephants	case
8	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 elephants	amod
9	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 relative	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 nearest	punct
11	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 relative	parataxis
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 all	case
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 nearest	obl
14	to	to	ADP	_	17 elephant	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 elephant	det
16	Asian	Asian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 elephant	amod
17	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 nearest	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the mammoth	a close relative				of living elephants	tree rules

Option 3

The mammoth was more closely related to the hippopotamus than to any elephant

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mammoth	det
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 related	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 related	cop
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 closely	advmod
5	closely	closely	ADV	_	6 related	advmod
6	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 hippopotamus	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hippopotamus	det
9	hippopotamus	hippopotamus	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 related	obl
10	than	than	ADP	_	13 elephant	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 elephant	case
12	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	13 elephant	det
13	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 related	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the mammoth					to the hippopotamus; than any elephant; closely, related property	tree rules

Option 4

The mammoth was identical in species to the African elephant

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mammoth	det
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 identical	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 identical	cop
4	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 species	case
6	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 identical	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	10 elephant	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 elephant	det
9	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 elephant	amod
10	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 identical	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the mammoth			species		to the African elephant; identical property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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