Exam question 4 · Kung Fu Panda: real tigers and cranes

Ascertain the feature which most readily permits a crane in flight to be distinguished from a heron.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, feature · What happens: ascertain, permit, distinguish · To what, where: feature

This is exam question 4 of lesson 136 «Kung Fu Panda: real tigers and cranes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 feature	det
3	feature	feature	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 permits	nsubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 readily	advmod
6	readily	readily	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 permits	amod
7	permits	permit	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 feature	conj
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 crane	det
9	crane	crane	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 permits	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 flight	case
11	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 crane	nmod
12	to	to	PART	_	14 distinguished	mark
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 distinguished	aux:pass
14	distinguished	distinguish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 crane	acl
15	from	from	ADP	_	17 heron	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 heron	det
17	heron	heron	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 distinguished	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the feature and readily permits and a crane in flight		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feature=Topic
2	permit		the feature and readily permits and a crane in flight			tree rules
3	distinguish	to-infinitive · passive	the feature and readily permits and a crane in flight not said here		from a heron	vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: from heron=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The crane extends its neck straight, whereas the heron folds its neck in the form of the letter S

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 crane	det
2	crane	crane	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 extends	nsubj
3	extends	extend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 neck	nmod:poss
5	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 extends	obj
6	straight	straight	ADV	_	3 extends	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 folds	punct
8	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	11 folds	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 heron	det
10	heron	heron	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 folds	nsubj
11	folds	fold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 extends	conj
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 neck	nmod:poss
13	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 folds	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 form	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 form	det
16	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 folds	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 letter	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 letter	det
19	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 form	nmod
20	S	's	PART	Typo=Yes	19 letter	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	extend	present	the crane	crane's neck		straight property	vn body_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent neck=Theme
2	fold	present	the heron	crane's neck	the form of the letter		vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient
3	form			the letter			nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The crane flies in an inverted position, its back turned towards the ground below

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 crane	det
2	crane	crane	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flies	nsubj
3	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 position	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 position	det
6	inverted	invert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 position	amod
7	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flies	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 turned	punct
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 back	nmod:poss
10	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 turned	nsubj
11	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 flies	conj
12	towards	towards	ADP	_	14 ground	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ground	det
14	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 turned	obl
15	below	below	ADV	_	11 turned	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	fly	present	the crane	a inverted position		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in position=Location
2	invert	participle				vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent
3	turn	past	crane's back	the ground	below property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme towards ground=Trajectory

Option 3

Only the crane makes use of its wings in flight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 makes	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 crane	det
3	crane	crane	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	nsubj
4	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 wings	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 wings	nmod:poss
8	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 use	nmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 flight	case
10	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the crane	use of crane's wings		flight			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material use=Product
2	use			crane's wings					nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The heron possesses no neck of any length

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 heron	det
2	heron	heron	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 neck	det
5	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 length	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 length	det
8	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 neck	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the heron	no neck of any length					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot neck=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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