Exam question 3 · Kung Fu Panda: real mantises, snakes and monkeys

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hearing of the praying mantis?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: praying mantis · What happens: follow, characteris, pray, hear · To what, where: hearing

This is exam question 3 of lesson 137 «Kung Fu Panda: real mantises, snakes and monkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hearing	det
10	hearing	hearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 mantis	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 mantis	det
13	praying	pray	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 mantis	amod
14	mantis	mantis	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hearing	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the hearing of the praying mantis	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	pray	gerund				vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
4	hear		the praying mantis			nom hearing «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The mantis possesses two ears upon its head, situated just behind the large compound eyes

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mantis	det
2	mantis	mantis	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 ears	nummod
5	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 head	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 head	nmod:poss
8	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ears	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 situated	punct
10	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 ears	acl
11	just	just	ADV	_	16 eyes	advmod
12	behind	behind	ADP	_	16 eyes	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 eyes	det
14	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 eyes	amod
15	compound	compound	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 eyes	compound
16	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 situated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the mantis	two ears				upon mantis's head	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot ear=Theme
2	situate	participle		two ears not said here		the large compound eyes			vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent behind eye=Destination

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Many mantises possess a single ear in the chest by which they detect the calls of bats

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 mantises	amod
2	mantises	mantis	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	nsubj
3	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ear	det
5	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ear	amod
6	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possess	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 chest	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 chest	det
9	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possess	obl
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 which	case
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 detect	obl
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 detect	nsubj
13	detect	detect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possess	conj
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 calls	det
15	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 detect	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 bats	case
17	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 calls	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	possess	present	Many mantises	a single ear	the chest	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot ear=Theme
2	detect	present	mantises = mantis	the calls of bats		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer call=Stimulus
3	call			bats		nom call «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The mantis is entirely without the sense of hearing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mantis	det
2	mantis	mantis	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sense	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 sense	cop
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	7 sense	advmod
5	without	without	ADP	_	7 sense	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sense	det
7	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 hearing	case
9	hearing	hearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sense	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the mantis					without the sense; of hearing; entirely property	tree rules

Option 4

The mantis hears by means of its antennae alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mantis	det
2	mantis	mantis	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hears	nsubj
3	hears	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 means	case
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hears	ccomp
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 antennae	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 antennae	nmod:poss
8	antennae	antennae	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 means	obj
9	alone	alone	ADV	_	5 means	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	present	the mantis						vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	mean	present		mantis's antennae				alone property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antennae=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/137-kung-fu-panda-real-mantises-snakes-and-monkeys/e3/